2.3 | Congressional Behavior

What is party polarization in the context of Congress?

• The process of redistricting congressional districts.

• The ideological divergence between the two major political parties.

• The increase in the number of independent candidates.

• The collaboration between parties to pass legislation.

What is a common consequence of party-line voting in Congress?

• Increased bipartisan cooperation.

• Policy gridlock.

• Faster legislative processes.

• More independent candidates winning seats.

What is divided government?

• When one party controls both the presidency and Congress.

• When each party controls at least one of the House, Senate, or presidency.

• When no party has a majority in either the House or Senate.

• When the government is split into three branches.

What is the process of reapportionment?

• Redrawing congressional district boundaries.

• Changing the number of seats each state has in the House based on population shifts.

• Electing new members to Congress.

• Allocating federal funds to states.

What is gerrymandering?

• The process of conducting a census.

• Drawing congressional districts to benefit a particular party.

• The election of a new Speaker of the House.

• The process of confirming presidential appointments.

What is the "one person, one vote" principle?

• Each person can vote only once in an election.

• Each district must have roughly the same number of people.

• Each state has the same number of representatives.

• Each person can vote in multiple districts.

What did the Supreme Court rule in Shaw v. Reno regarding gerrymandering?

• Partisan gerrymandering is unconstitutional.

• Racial gerrymandering is unconstitutional.

• Gerrymandering is allowed if it benefits the minority party.

• Gerrymandering is allowed if it benefits the majority party.

What is a majority-minority district?

• A district where the majority of people are from a racial minority.

• A district where the majority of people are from the majority party.

• A district with no racial minorities.

• A district with an equal number of people from all races.

What is the trustee model of congressional representation?

• Representatives vote based on their constituents' wishes.

• Representatives vote based on their own judgment.

• Representatives vote based on party lines.

• Representatives do not vote on controversial issues.

What is the politico model of congressional representation?

• Representatives always vote based on their constituents' wishes.

• Representatives always vote based on their own judgment.

• Representatives switch between acting as a trustee and a delegate.

• Representatives do not participate in voting.