2.4 - math for matter and enerygy cycles among organisms

What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems on Earth?

• The Moon

• The Sun

• Volcanoes

• Ocean currents

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

Which of the following is a simple procedure to measure the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?

• Counting the number of leaves

• Measuring the oxygen output

• Weighing the plant

• Measuring the soil pH

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

Explain how energy flows through a food chain in an ecosystem.

• Energy is recycled and never lost.

• Energy flows from producers to consumers and is eventually lost as heat.

• Energy flows from consumers to producers and is stored indefinitely.

• Energy is created at each trophic level.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

Which mathematical representation can be used to model the energy flow in an ecosystem?

• A pie chart

• A food web diagram

• A bar graph

• A linear equation

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

Calculate the energy transfer efficiency if a plant captures 1000 J of energy from the sun and a herbivore consumes the plant and gains 100 J of energy.

• 1%

• 10%

• 50%

• 90%

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

A food chain consists of grass, rabbits, and foxes. If the grass contains 5000 J of energy, how much energy is available to the foxes?

• 500 J

• 50 J

• 5 J

• 0.5 J

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

What is the role of decomposers in the cycling of matter in an ecosystem?

• They produce energy for the ecosystem.

• They break down dead organisms, returning nutrients to the soil.

• They consume primary producers.

• They prevent energy loss in the ecosystem.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

Identify the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.

• Respiration

• Photosynthesis

• Fermentation

• Transpiration

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

Describe how the removal of a top predator might affect the energy flow in an ecosystem.

• It would increase the energy available to producers.

• It would disrupt the balance, potentially leading to overpopulation of prey species.

• It would have no effect on the ecosystem.

• It would increase the energy flow to decomposers.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4

Using the concept of energy pyramids, explain why there are usually fewer top predators than primary consumers in an ecosystem.

• Top predators require less energy to survive.

• Energy is lost at each trophic level, so less energy is available to support top predators.

• Top predators reproduce more slowly than primary consumers.

• Primary consumers are more efficient at energy transfer.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-4