DNA Replication, Transcription, & Translation Check

What is the primary structural difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains ribose sugar, while RNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

• DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.

• DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

• DNA is found only in the nucleus, while RNA is found only in the cytoplasm.

Which of the following bases are classified as purines?

• Adenine and Thymine

• Cytosine and Guanine

• Adenine and Guanine

• Thymine and Cytosine

Explain the semi-conservative model of DNA replication.

• Each new DNA molecule consists of two new strands.

• Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

• Each new DNA molecule consists of two old strands.

• Each new DNA molecule consists of a mixture of old and new segments on each strand.

What is the role of redundancy in codons?

• Redundancy in codons is irrelevant to protein synthesis.
• Redundancy in codons only affects DNA replication.
• Redundancy in codons provides a buffer against mutations and ensures accurate protein synthesis.
• Redundancy in codons leads to increased mutation rates.

Compare the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication.

• Both strands are synthesized continuously.

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments.

• The leading strand is synthesized in fragments, while the lagging strand is synthesized continuously.

• Both strands are synthesized in fragments.

Describe the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication.

• It synthesizes RNA primers.

• It removes RNA primers.

• It joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

• It unwinds the DNA double helix.

How does transcription differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus, while in eukaryotes, it occurs in the cytoplasm.

• In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, while in eukaryotes, they are separate processes.

• In prokaryotes, mRNA is modified before translation, while in eukaryotes, it is not.

• In prokaryotes, transcription requires a primer, while in eukaryotes, it does not.

What are the 3 mRNA modifications that must occur in order to form mature mRNA?

• 5' methyl cap, poly-A tail, and RNA splicing

• 5' tail addition, methylation, and translation
• Polymerase binding, 5' cap addition, and translation
• 3' cap removal, splicing, and degradation

Identify the start codon in mRNA translation.

• UAA

• UAG

• AUG

• UGA

What is the function of the P site in a ribosome during translation?

• The P site binds the mRNA during translation.
• The P site holds the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain during translation.
• The P site releases the completed polypeptide chain.
• The P site is responsible for initiating translation.