Correlation and Causal Relationships

Which of the following statements shows a relationship that is correlated but not causal?

• The amount of rainfall received and level of water in the lake.

• The number of lights left on each day and the amount of the electric bill. 

• The increase of warm, sunny days and the number of ice cream vendors visible. 

• The number of hours worked and how much money is made.

Which of the following statements shows a causal relationship and not just a correlated one?

• An individual's decision to work in construction and his diagnosis of skin cancer. 

• A decrease in temperature and the increase in attendance at an ice skating rink. 

• As a child's weight increases so does her vocabulary. 

• The number of minutes spent exercising and the amount of calories burned. 

This implies that one variable has a direct affect on the other variable.

• Correlation

• Causation

Which example shows CAUSATION?

• Stress level and desire for chocolate.

• Eating more butter and increased divorce rates.

• It started raining and the baseball game was delayed.

Estimate the value of r:

• 0.83

• 0.10

• - 0.75

• 1

What type of association does this graph have?

• positive

• negative

• none

• all of the above

What type of correlation does this graph have?

• positive linear

• negative linear

• positive nonlinear

• negative nonlinear

Based on the graph, if Joe earned $400, how many hours did he work?

• 20 hours

• 35 hours

• 45 hours

• 15 hours

Which scatter plot shows a LINEAR relationship between x and y?

• Graph A

• Graph B

• Graph C

• Graph D

Which sentence describes the relationship shown on this scatterplot?

• As the temperature decreases, the visitors increase. 

• As the temperature increases, the number of visitors increases. 

• As the visitors increase, the temperature decreases. 

• No correlation