Acid-Base Reactions and Observations

(i) State which solution of dilute hydrochloric acid, A or B, is the more concentrated. Explain your answer.

(ii) Deduce how many times more concentrated this solution of dilute hydrochloric than the other solution of dilute hydrochloric acid.

(i) Compare the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid A used in Experiment 1 to the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid A used in Experiment 2.

(ii) Deduce the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid B required to reach the end-point if Experiment 3 is repeated using thymolphthalein indicator instead of methyl orange indicator. Use your answer to (c)(i) to help you.

At the start of Experiment 3 the burette is rinsed with distilled water and then with dilute hydrochloric acid B. Identify the substance removed from the burette when it is rinsed with distilled water at the start of Experiment 3.

Describe how the result of the titration would change if the burette was not rinsed with dilute hydrochloric acid B after it had been rinsed with water.

Explain why the conical flask is not rinsed with aqueous sodium carbonate after it is rinsed with water.

Explain why a white tile is used during the titration.

Describe the effect on the result of warming the aqueous sodium carbonate used in Experiment 1 before carrying out the titration. Explain your answer.

To the first portion of solution C, the student adds about 1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of aqueous barium nitrate. Complete the expected observations.