Natural selection

According to Darwin's observations, what is true about individuals within a species?

• A. They are exact copies of each other
  
  
  

• B. They show small variations between them

• C. They never compete with each other

• D. They always produce identical offspring

In the peppered moth example, what caused the environment to change?

• A. A sudden increase in bird population
  
  
  

• B. The Industrial Revolution and factory pollution

• C. A decrease in lichen growth

• D. Natural forest fires

What does "survival of the fittest" mean in evolutionary terms?

• A. Only the strongest animals survive
  
  
  

• B. The largest organisms always win

• C. The most aggressive species dominate

• D. Better-adapted organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce

What was Charles Darwin's main contribution to our understanding of evolution?

• A. He discovered DNA
  
  
  

• B. He invented the microscope

• C. He explained how evolution occurs through natural selection

• D. He created the first classification system for organisms

What did Darwin's theory suggest about all living things?

• A. They were created simultaneously
  
  
  

• B. They are connected in a family tree extending billions of years

• C. They evolved independently, only one in the whole population

• D. They remain unchanged over time

How did the finches on the Galápagos Islands contribute to our understanding of evolution?

• C. They did not adapt to their environment

• B. They showed variations in beak size and shape based on food sources

• A. They were all identical species
  
  
  

• D. They were the first species discovered by Darwin

What is the significance of the fossil record in studying evolution?

• A. It provides evidence of past life forms and their changes over time
  
  
  

• B. It shows that species have always remained the same

• C. It is not useful for understanding evolutionary processes

• D. It only contains information about dinosaurs

What is the primary advantage that long-necked giraffes have in their environment?

• A. They can spot predators from farther away
  
  

• B. They can reach higher branches for food

• C. They can run faster than other giraffes

• 
  D. They can communicate better with other giraffes

In the giraffe scenario, which trait is being naturally selected for?

• A. Spotted coat patterns
  
  
  

• B. Running speed

• C. Neck length

• D. Body weight

Before the Industrial Revolution, what color were most peppered moths?

• A) Black
  
  
  

• B) White with green spots

• C) Pale or light-colored

• D) Brightly colored