The distance between objects, along with the masses of the objects, affect the gravitational force between the objects. Which claim can be supported by Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

When distance between objects increases, gravitational force decreases.

When the masses of objects increase, gravitational force decreases.

When distance between objects decreases, gravitational force decreases.

When the mass of objects decrease, the distance between objects decreases.

Plants perform photosynthesis and respiration. Dead plants are broken down and become part of the soil. Which of the following matter do plants help to cycle through ecosystems?

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water

carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen only

What is the role of ATP in the cell?

supplies energy for cellular activities

Which of the following statements about energy pyramids is true?

The smallest proportion of organisms are found in the top level.

The largest proportion of organisms are found in the top level.

Carnivores are most likely to be found in the bottom level.

Producers are most likely to be found in the top level.

Which of these claims about ecosystems can be supported by evidence?

Matter lost by one ecosystem is gained by the surrounding environment.

Animals do not travel from one ecosystem to another ecosystem.

The total amount of energy in an ecosystem does not change.

Air cannot be used by organisms once the air moves out of an ecosystem.

One of the largest cypress trees in Florida has a tree trunk with a diameter of about 3.5 m. What is the source of MOST of the carbon in the cypress tree’s trunk?

The carbon dioxide molecules the tree absorbed from the atmosphere

The carbon created by the tree during photosynthesis

The carbon stored in tree seeds

The nutrients containing carbon that the tree absorbed from the soil

Carbon exists in many forms on Earth. The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle. Based on evidence in the diagram, what is happening in Step 1?

Animals are breaking down organic molecules and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Animals are releasing energy into the environment and storing carbon.

Animals are decomposing and releasing carbon into the soil.

Animals are converting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to oxygen.

An astronomer observes a sunspot. Which of the following describes this feature of the Sun?

a location that is cooler than other parts of the Sun's surface

a location where heat rises to the Sun's surface

a location that produces most of the Sun's heat energy

a location where energy and matter leave the Sun's atmosphere

the study of matter and how matter changes.

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance.

anything that has mass and takes up space.

a rapid reaction between oxygen and a substance called a fuel.

An equinox occurs when

neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.

the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.

the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.

Earth's axis is parallel to the sun's rays.

What happens during respiration?

Glucose is broken down, releasing energy.

Oxygen is released into the air.

Carbohydrates are released into the bloodstream.

Water and carbon dioxide are converted into energy.

The strength of the force of gravity depends on

the masses of the objects and the distance between them.

the masses of the objects and their speeds.

the weight of the objects and their speeds.

the masses of the objects and their weights.

Which of the following statements about mass and weight is true?

Weight measures the force of gravity on an object and mass measures the matter an object

Mass measures the force of gravity on an object and weight measures the amount of matter an object contains

Weight and mass both measure the amount of matter an object contains

Weight and mass both measure the force of gravity on an object

Jordan adds some soil and plants to a large glass jar to build a terrarium. He waters the plants and then adds two snails, two crickets, and an earthworm to the jar. Jordan then places the lid tightly on the jar and sets it on a sunny windowsill. Based on the law of conservation of mass, which of the following is expected to occur inside Jordan’s terrarium?

The mass will neither increase not decrease.

The mass will increase as the plants grow and decrease when the snails eat the plants.

The mass will increase as the earthworm digest the soil.

The mass will decrease when the crickets die.

A space prop that lands on a planet that has half the pull of gravity of Earth. What effect does this have on the space probe's weight and mass?

its weight is reduced to half its weight on Earth, and its mass remains the same as on Earth.

Its weight remains the same as on Earth, and its mass is reduced to half its mass on Earth.

Both its weight and mass are half of what they are on Earth.

Both its mass and weight remain the same.

Nancy observes the Moon from the same location outside each night for one week. She notices that when it first appears each night, the Moon is a little farther east than it was the night before. Which of the following is one explanation for her observation?

The Moon revolves around Earth as Earth revolves around the Sun.

The Moon's speed of rotation changes as it revolves around Earth.

The Moon and Earth take the same amount of time to complete one rotation.

The Moon completes one rotation each time Earth completes one revolution.

The Andromeda Galaxy was previously called the Great Andromeda Nebula because astronomers thought this patch of light was composed of glowing gases. In the 1900s, scientists determined the nebula was actually a spiral galaxy. Which of the following describes the relationship between this galaxy and other astronomical bodies?

This galaxy is one of billions of galaxies in the universe and contains billions of stars.

The galaxy is the largest star an is found in the universe.

This galaxy is surrounded by thousands of stars in the universe.

This galaxy includes a universe that is composed of millions of stars.

One physical property of a star is apparent magnitude. Which of the following is used in determining the apparent magnitude of a star?

the distance the star is from Earth

the constellation the star is in

the number of times the star rotates

the number of prominences the star makes

Second Semester Exam Review 24 25

Authored by Pamela Peterson

Science

8th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 7+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Gravity helps form stars, planets, and solar systems by the gradual gathering together of smaller pieces in a process called

inertia

spinning

accretion

collapsing

Space exploration has advanced our knowledge of the universe. Which space journey would take the longest?

a journey from Earth to the sun

a journey from Earth to the moon

a journey from Earth to a star in the constellation Centaurus

a journey from Earth to the farthest planet in our solar system, Neptune.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Two new planets are discovered, planet X and planet Y. The planets have identical volumes, but the mass of planet X is two times greater than the mass of planet Y. If two identical spaceships land on each planet, which of the following will be true?

The mass of the spaceship on planet Y will be greater than the mass of the spaceship on planet X.

The weight of the spaceship on planet Y will be greater than the weight of the spaceship on planet X.

The mass of the spaceship on planet X will be greater than the mass of the spaceship on Planet Y.

The weight of the spaceship on planet X will be greater than the weight of the spaceship on planet Y.

What characteristic of stars is measured by luminosity?

brightness

size

temperature

distance from Earth

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the name of the object that can be seen in the circled area of the sun?

sunspot

solar flare

gamma rays

prominence

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The graph below summarizes the relationship between absolute magnitude and color in stars. Based on evidence in the graph above, what claim can be made about the relationship between temperature and absolute magnitude?

Absolute magnitude is not related to the temperature of a star.

A hotter star has a greater absolute magnitude than a cooler star.

There is an inverse relationship between temperature and absolute magnitude.

Hotter stars will have a more positive value for absolute magnitude, which means luminosity.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which term best describes the movement of matter due to temperature differences in the sun?

conduction

convection

nuclear fusion

radiation

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Second Semester Exam Review 24 25

Gravity helps form stars, planets, and solar systems by the gradual gathering together of smaller pieces in a process called

Space exploration has advanced our knowledge of the universe. Which space journey would take the longest?

Two new planets are discovered, planet X and planet Y. The planets have identical volumes, but the mass of planet X is two times greater than the mass of planet Y. If two identical spaceships land on each planet, which of the following will be true?

What characteristic of stars is measured by luminosity?

What is the name of the object that can be seen in the circled area of the sun?

The graph below summarizes the relationship between absolute magnitude and color in stars. Based on evidence in the graph above, what claim can be made about the relationship between temperature and absolute magnitude?

Which term best describes the movement of matter due to temperature differences in the sun?

The sun is massive. It contains 99.8% of the mass in the solar system and is made up of several different elements. Which of these elements makes up about 25% of the mass of the sun?

The distance between objects, along with the masses of the objects, affect the gravitational force between the objects. Which claim can be supported by Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

During a sunspot cycle, the number of sunspots rises and falls, and their locations change. What is the length of the sunspot cycle?

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