AP Biology Campbell Chapter 8

Enzymes are

• proteins that function as catalysts

• broken down in reactions that require energy input

• used up in chemical reactions.

• not needed for catabolic reactions

Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. What is malonic acid's role with respect to succinate dehydrogenase?

• It is a competitive inhibitor.
• It is an allosteric regulator.
• It is able to bind to succinate.
• It blocks the binding of fumarate.

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Which of the following is true for anabolic pathways?

• they do not depend on enzymes
• they are usually spontaneous chemical reactions
• they consume energy to build polymers from monomers
• They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers

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The mechanism by which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is called ___________

• metabolic inhibition
• feedback inhibition
• irreversible inhibition
• allosteric regulation

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A degradative process such as cellular respiration can also be known as...

• catabolic pathway

• kinetic pathway

• endergonic pathway

• anabolic pathway

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Energy is released from ATP when

• a phosphate group is added
• adenine bonds to ribose
• ATP is exposed to sunlight
• a phosphate group is removed

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Which best describes how the shape of an enzyme affects its function?

• It determines the specific reaction it will catalyze
• It determines the raw products needed for the reaction
• It determines whether a reaction will be slowed or sped up
• It determines the products that will result from the reaction

Which letter corresponds to the activation energy of the forward reaction?

• A
• B
• C
• D

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Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction within a living cell.  Enzymes accomplish this through which of the following means?

• reducing the number of products   
• reducing the activation energy
• increasing the temperature of the cell
• increasing the concentration of reactants 

Which of the following statements is (are) true about enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

• The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme.

• The free energy change of the reaction is opposite from the reaction in the absence of the enzyme.

• The reaction always goes in the direction toward chemical equilibrium

• Enzyme-catalyzed are always exergonic/catabolic

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