Vaccinations and Herd Immunity

Which of the following statements is correct regarding vaccinations?

• Vaccination gives long-term protection, immunisation gives short-term protection.

• Vaccination involves injection of antigenic material and immunisation is the process of developing immunity.

• Vaccination involves injection of antigenic material, immunisation is injection of antibodies.

• Vaccination and immunisation have the same meaning.

What is the concept illustrated by the image comparing scenarios with and without immunisation?

• Natural selection

• Herd immunity

• Genetic drift

• Antibiotic resistance

According to the image, what happens in a population without immunisation when an infectious agent is present?

• The infectious agent cannot spread at all

• Only a few individuals become contagious

• The infectious agent spreads freely from contagious to susceptible individuals

• All individuals are indirectly protected

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

What is herd immunity?

• A situation where animals are immune to diseases in the wild

• A condition where an individual is immune to all hereditary diseases

• The resistance a population has against a pathogen when a large proportion is immune, often through vaccination

• A medical treatment to boost an individual's immune system against all pathogens

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Who benefits from herd immunity besides the vaccinated individuals?

• Only the elderly population

• Those who are not immunised due to choice or medical reasons like being immunocompromised

• People who are vaccinated against one disease but not others

• Individuals who are frequently traveling abroad

What type of cells are responsible for the production of antibodies during an immune response?

• T helper cells

• Naive B cells

• Plasma cells

• Memory T cells

What is the primary difference between the primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen?

• The secondary response is slower and less intense than the primary response.

• The secondary response is faster and more intense than the primary response.

What is the term used to describe a substance that can elicit an immune response?

• Pathogen

• Antibody

• Antigen

• Complementary

What happens to the antibody concentration in the blood after the second exposure to an antigen compared to the first exposure?

• It decreases

• It remains the same

• It increases

• It fluctuates unpredictably

According to the graph, how does the speed of the immune response after the second exposure to an antigen compare to the first exposure?

• It is slower

• It is the same speed

• It is faster

• There is no response