BIO 3B Exam Remediation

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

• snRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• mRNA

Answer explanation

tRNA, or transfer RNA, is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. It matches the amino acids to the corresponding codons on the mRNA, facilitating the assembly of proteins.

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA is found only in the nucleus; RNA is found only in the cytoplasm.
• DNA contains uracil; RNA contains thymine.
• DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.
• DNA is single-stranded and contains ribose; RNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose.

What are the three parts that make a nucleotide?

• Carbohydrate, protein, lipid

• Water, carbon dioxide, glucose

• Amino acid, fatty acid, glycerol

• Phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

Answer explanation

A nucleotide consists of three main components: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. This structure is essential for forming DNA and RNA, making the correct choice 'Phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base'.

Which one is not part of a nucleotide?

• Sugar
• Carboxyl group

• Nucleotide
• Phosphate group

What is the basic building blocks of nucleic acid?

• Nucleotides

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty acids

• Amino acids

Answer explanation

The basic building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base, making them essential for genetic information storage and transfer.

What are the four bases of DNA?

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

• Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Answer explanation

The four bases of DNA are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. Uracil is found in RNA, not DNA, making the correct choice Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

What are the complimentary RNA base for this DNA sequence: ATA CGA TGA

• UAU GCU ACU

• GUA CGA UGA

• AUG CUG UGA

• UAU GCU UAC

Answer explanation

The DNA sequence ATA CGA TGA pairs with RNA bases by replacing A with U, T with A, C with G, and G with C. Thus, the complementary RNA sequence is UAU GCU ACU, which matches the correct answer.

What type of RNA carries a nucleotide to pair with a DNA strand?

• transfer RNA (tRNA)

• messenger RNA (mRNA)

• ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer explanation

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome and pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA, which is transcribed from the DNA. Thus, tRNA is essential for translating the genetic code into proteins.

What is Transcription in the Central Dogma of Biology?

• Transcription is the process of DNA replication.

• Transcription involves the translation of mRNA into proteins.

• Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.

• Transcription is the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template.

Answer explanation

Transcription is the process where mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template. This is a key step in the Central Dogma of Biology, which describes the flow of genetic information.

What is Translation in the Central Dogma of Biology?

• Translation is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA.

• Translation is the process of DNA replication.

• Translation is the conversion of proteins into mRNA.

• Translation is the breakdown of RNA into nucleotides.

Answer explanation

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA). This is a key step in the Central Dogma of Biology, following transcription.