Thermal Energy and Heat Transfer Concepts Chapter 3

A hot air balloon contains air that expands as it is heated. What type of thermal energy transfer causes a hot air balloon to rise?

• radiation

• convection

• conduction

• none of the above

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

When a substance is cooled, what happens to the particles of the substance?

• kinetic energy increases

• kinetic energy decreases

• potential energy increases

• potential energy decreases

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The total amount of thermal energy in an object depends on its temperature and its ___________.

• composition

• specific heat

• mass

• volume

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Two equal volume of water are in a large container, separated by a divider. The water on one side is at 60° and the water on the other side is 40°C.

How will you know when the container has reached thermal equilibrium once you have removed the divider?

• 
  The temperature of the water on the warmer side will have cooled to 40°C.
  

• 
  The temperature throughout the container will be approximately 50°C.
  

• The temperature of the water on the cooler side will have warmed to 60°C.
  

• Convection currents will prevent this system from reaching thermal equilibrium.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Luis and Marta built a solar oven. They cut the top of a box so it could function like a lid. They then lined the lid and the entire inside of the box with aluminum foil. They placed a piece of black construction paper at the bottom of the box, and after putting hotdogs on a plate inside so they could cook, they sealed the top up with plastic wrap. Their solar oven is shown in the image. The aluminum foil maximized which type of energy transfer?

• radiation

• convection

• conduction

• both convection and radiation

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Alayna wants to make a popsicle, so she freezes a cup of juice. If the juice has cooled from 20 degrees Celsius to 10 degrees Celsius, what has happened to the kinetic energy of the juice molecules?

• The average kinetic energy of the molecules has about doubled.

• The average kinetic energy of the molecules is about half what it was originally.

• 
  The average kinetic energy of the molecules has decreased by about 10 times.

• The average kinetic energy of the molecules has increased by about 10 times.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Select the correct answers about the thermometers in the image. (Select all that apply)

• 
  The liquid in thermometer B has greater kinetic energy than in thermometer A.

• The liquid in glass A has a higher temperature than in glass B.

• The motion of the particles in thermometer A is faster than in thermometer B.

• The liquid in glass A has greater kinetic energy than in glass B.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

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Which of the beakers contains a liquid that is warmer than the other?

• Beaker A.

• Beaker B.

• They are the same temperature.

• There is not enough information to answer.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A _________ is a material through which thermal energy moves slowly.

• thermal conductor

• thermal insulator

• heat engine

• radiation source

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Why does wearing a coat on a cold day keep you warm?

• A coat prevents thermal energy from flowing from your body to your surroundings.

• A coat prevents the cold energy of your surroundings from reaching your body and cooling it off.

• A coat prevents radiation by reflecting the cold air of your surroundings back into the environment.

• 
  A coat allows convection currents to form and circulate thermal energy within your body.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3