Endosymbiotic Theory STAAR

A process by which organisms create carbohydrates from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water is called -

• photosynthesis

• biogenesis

• chemosynthesis

• metamorphosis

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Why did cyanobacteria gain an advantage over their chemosynthetic competitors?

• Chemosynthetic bacteria are too large and unable to diffuse organic compounds across their membranes.

• Cyanobacteria rely on ammonia and methane for photosynthesis.

• Chemosynthetic bacteria require oxygen for survival

• Cyanobacteria are able to produce glucose using abundant and easily obtainable materials.

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Why type of cell does not contain membrane bound organelles?

• Animal Cells

• Prokaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic Cells

• Plant Cells

Which of the following characteristics make mitochondria and chloroplasts different from other organelles?

• They are part of the endomembrane system

• The are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

• They have a double-layered membrane.

• They were once free-living prokaryotes

The endosymbiotic theory states that early eukaryotic cells ingested prokaryotic cells called endosymbionts. This lead to a symbiotic relationship between the larger and smaller cells. Endosymbiotic relationships may have led to mitochondria and chloroplasts. Which of the following in NOT true of mitochondria?

• They replicate by binary fission.

• They are independent and can survive on their own.

• The have their own unique DNA.

• the have ribosomes similar to other prokaryotes.

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Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?

• Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.

• All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membran composed of phosplipids and proteins.

• Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were prokaryotic cells.

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