Upper Digestive Anatomy

What is the primary function of the pharynx?

• Digestion

• Respiration

• Both a and b

• None of the above

The oesophagus passes through an opening in the diaphragm called the:

• Hiatus

• Foramen ovale

• Foramen magnum

• Pylorus

Which part of the pharynx is shared by both the respiratory and digestive systems?

• Nasopharynx

• Oropharynx

• Laryngopharynx

• Hypopharynx

Which artery is NOT involved in supplying blood to the stomach?

• Hepatic artery

• Gastric artery

• Splenic artery

• Inferior mesenteric artery

Which nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of the oesophagus during swallowing?

• Vagus nerve

• Facial nerve

• Trigeminal nerve

• Hypoglossal nerve

What is the primary function of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES)?

• Facilitate bolus movement

• Prevent air from entering the stomach

• Prevent reflux of stomach contents into the oesophagus

• Aid in nutrient absorption

The gastric mucosa contains specialized cells that secrete hydrochloric acid. What are these cells called?

• Goblet cells

• Parietal cells

• Chief cells

• Enteroendocrine cells

Which anatomical landmark marks the transition from the pharynx to the oesophagus?

• Epiglottis

• Cricoid cartilage

• Upper oesophageal sphincter (UES)

• Lower oesophageal sphincter (LES)

What is the primary function of the mucus produced in the stomach lining?

• Nutrient absorption

• Protection against gastric acid

• Enzyme secretion

• Mechanical digestion

Which of the following is NOT a part of the stomach's muscular layers?

• Circular muscle

• Longitudinal muscle

• Oblique muscle

• Transverse muscle