2B Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are large polymers made up of small units called monomers. The specific monomers for nucleic acids are:

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty acids

Label the follow diagram of a nucleotide.

a

b

c

Nitrogenous base

Five-carbon sugar

Phosphate

Amino acid

The bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another are called:

• Phosphodiester bonds

• Peptide bonds

• Ionic bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

DNA is composed of two polynucleotide strands, one running in a 3' to 5' direction and the other running in a 5' to 3' direction. The term used to describe this is:

• parallel
• complementary

• universal

• antiparallel

Which of these nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA?

• Uracil
• Adenine
• Cytosine
• Thymine
• Guanine

Which of the following correctly summarises the rules of complementary base pairing?

• A pairs with T
  C pairs with G

• A pairs with C

  G pairs with T

• A pairs with G

  C pairs with T

Which of these nitrogenous bases is not found in RNA?

• Uracil
• Adenine
• Cytosine
• Thymine
• Guanine

Match each type of RNA with its function.

• mRNA

• Serves as the main structural component of ribosomes within cells.

• tRNA

• Delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome after recognising specific nucleotide sequences on mRNA.

• rRNA

• Carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Sort the following based on whether they are characteristics of DNA, RNA or both.

Groups:

(a) DNA

,

(b) RNA

,

(c) Both

• Made of nucleotides

• Single-stranded

• Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

• Phosphate-sugar backbone

• Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

• Temporary and short-lived

• Ribose sugar

• Inherited, long-term storage

• Double-stranded

• Deoxyribose sugar