TCAP Science

Metals are commonly used in medical implants, but they have the disadvantage of tending to corrode. When a metal corrodes, the metal is worn away or gradually destroyed.

Which of these is the most likely solution for preventing metal corrosion when metal is used in the human body?

• Cover the metal in a nonreactive chemical.

• Allow the metal to form compounds with tissue.

• Increase the surface area of the metal.

• Allow the metal to absorb fluids from the body.

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Students were studying the first 20 elements on the periodic table. One student found a diagram of a silicon nucleus. In the diagram the large circle represents the nucleus. The rest of the particles are represented as shown in the key. Based on the diagram and the periodic table, which three statements correctly describe a silicon atom?

• Electrons are not present in the nucleus of a silicon atom.

• There are 14 protons in the nucleus of a silicon atom.

• Silicon atoms have no electrons.

• A silicon atom should have 16 protons.

• There are equal numbers of protons and neutrons in a silicon atom with a

  mass number of 28.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

A student was reading about the gases in air. Ozone helps protect Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays that come from the sun. Certain types of pollution created by humans have caused a hole in the ozone layer. This hole is over the South Pole and could become larger if this type of pollution increases.

Which question should the student ask to determine if ozone is an elemental molecule?

• What is the color of the molecule?

• What is the shape of the molecule?

• What elements are present in the molecule?

• How many atoms are present in the molecule?

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The table shows the estimated percent concentrations of atmospheric gases. Trace gases are composed of small amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane. Which of these will most likely increase the amount of a trace gas in the

atmosphere?

• A pine cone releases the protected seeds inside after it is exposed to intense

  heat.

• A hydroelectric dam increases the amount of water processed into energy

  after a flood.

• A company refining uranium ore is powered by natural gas.

• A bacterium releases oxygen gas during photosynthesis.

Which diagram correctly represents the mass of one of the chemical reactions?

• m

• r

• p

• s

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which statement correctly describes how matter is conserved in a Chemical Reaction?

• There are three oxygen atoms in the reactants for every three oxygen atoms in the products.

• There is one hydrogen atom in the reactants for every two hydrogen atoms in the products.

• There is one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom in the reactants for every

  three carbon atoms and three hydrogen atoms in the products.

• There are two carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms in the reactants for every

  three carbon atoms and three oxygen atoms in the products.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which statement correctly describes how matter is conserved in Chemical Reactions?

• There are six oxygen atoms in the reactants for every three oxygen atoms in

  the product.

• There are two calcium ions in the reactants for every one calcium ion in the

  product.

• There are more atoms in the reactants than there are in the product.

• There is one carbonate ion in the reactants for every one in the product.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Coal is mostly carbon. When coal is burned, it reacts with oxygen. The carbon dioxide produced is released into the atmosphere. The chemical reaction for coal burning is shown.

C + O2 → CO2

Based on the model shown, which statement correctly describes what

may happen to the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

• Carbon dioxide becomes solid and falls to the ground.

• Carbon dioxide burns in the atmosphere.

• Carbon dioxide is used by plants in photosynthesis.

• Carbon dioxide is breathed in by animals and humans.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

A student has been learning about atoms. He wrote a small paragraph describing one.

How an Atom Looks

An atom looks similar to a racetrack. There are small particles that move like cars on a racetrack. These particles move in a circle around the center of the track and do not easily move away from the center.

The student describes particles on the edge of the atom. Which statement supports the student’s claim that the particles on the edge of the atom do not move away from the center?

• The particles are connected to the center by an object similar to a rope.

• The particles are attracted to the center because they have a charge opposite

  to the center’s charge.

• The particles are held in place because atoms are a solid structure.

• The particles are pushed toward the center by the nuclear charges of other

  atoms.