Natural Selection and Evolution BR

6B Organisms can be classified based on homology, which is shared characteristics inherited from a common ancestor. In the past, homologies were based on studies of anatomical structures and patterns of embryonic development. In more recent years, the use of molecular biology techniques has allowed homologies to be compared at the level of nucleotide sequences. Nucleotide sequence comparisons are possible because all organisms share which of the following?

(a)  

• DNA bases
• Cellular organelles

• Division of the nuclear chromosomes

• Types of proteins needed for cellular functions

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7B: Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould researched the lenses of the eyes of fossil trilobites of different species. In 1972 they published a paper in which they described the tendency of a species to remain the same until a sudden change in the environment causes a new related to appear. Which hypothesis was most challenged by the work of Eldredge and Gould?

• Redi's hypothesis that spontaneous generation does not occur

• Haeckel's hypothesis that embryological development mimics the evolution of species

• Wallave's hypothesis that geography affects the distribution of species

• Darwin's hypothesis that the development of species is a slow, gradual process

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Which statement best represents the illustration?

• All of the above animals are mammals.

• All of the above share homologous structures.

• All of the above structures show no evidence of relationship.

• All of the above animals evolved in the same habitat.

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7A: The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

• The primates live in similar environments

• The primates shared a common ancestor

• The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population

• The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods

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The diagram below represents a section of undisturbed sedimentary rock. The

general location of fossils of several closely related species is indicated. According to recently adapted evolutionary theory, which is the most probable

correct assumption to be made concerning species A, B, C, and D?

• B was already extinct when C evolved.

• C evolved more recently that A, B, and D.

• D is the ancestor of A, B, and C.

• A is the ancestor of C and D.

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7B: This diagram of the fossil record represents changes in mollusks over millions of years. How can the pattern of change in the fossil record be explained?

• The mollusks were well adapted to their stable environment. A large, sudden change occurred in their environment. After the change, the mollusks with the bigger shells were better adapted for the new environment.

• The mollusks were well adapted to their stable environment. The mollusks hybridized with a smaller species of mollusk. A new species of mollusk with a bigger shell resulted.

• The mollusks were not well adapted to their environment. The length of the mollusks' shells changed gradually over time. The mollusks in the original population that had small shells died over a period of many years.

• The mollusks were well adapted to their environment. Humans introduced a new species of mollusk that was not adapted to this environment. The introduced mollusk out-competed the native mollusk species

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Behavioral changes of individuals of a species that allow for better survival. (Acquired traits)

• Variation
• Adaptation
• Behavior
• Environment

Do organisms "decide" to evolve and change? (they have the ability to change whenever they want)

• Yes, they know they need to change to survive 
• No, they change because of natural selection