Leap 2025 Biology Test

Which of the following is essential to proper functioning of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

• O2

• CO2

• ATP

• NaCl

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms?

• A. heat release

• B. gas exchange

• C. carbohydrate absorption

• D. osmotic pressure regulation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves?

• the attraction between molecules

• a capacity to dissolve many substances

• the ability to form a low-density crystalline structure when frozen

• a capacity to absorb large amounts of energy as temperature increases

The element carbon has multiple bonding patterns. Which bonding pattern cannot be formed by carbon?

• A. C—C

• B. C—C—C

• 
• 

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

• A. Atoms are linked to form a compound.

• B. Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

• C. Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer.

• D. Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?

• A. The sequence of monomers in a carbohydrate stores genetic information, and the bonds in a nucleic acid store energy.

• B. The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information.

• C. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions.

• D. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane.

Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions?

• A. The binding of a product and an enzyme is specific.

• B. The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific

• C. The enzyme is consumed by the products of the reactions.

• D. The enzyme is consumed by the substrates of the reactions.

Use the drawing below to answer the question. Which statement best describes a direct role of ATP in a paramecium?

• A. ATP provides the energy to move cilia.

• B. ATP stores the genetic code for replication.

• C. ATP signals the presence of other nearby organisms

• D. ATP senses changes in the surrounding aquatic environment.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells?

• A. They provide instructions for the processes in the cell.

• B. They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell.

• C. They attract charges in the cell’s environment to give the cell a net charge.

• D. They store the energy required by the rest of the membrane to perform its functions.