Cognitive Exam Chapters 2-3

An increase in responding to a CS caused by presentations of a US by itself. (For example, after flinching in response to each of several presentations of electric shock, a person is likely to flinch if a loud tone is then presented.)

• pseudoconditioning

• conditioned emotional response

• Extinction

• spontaneous recovery

A group in which the CS and the US are presented at widely separated times.

• random control

• habituation

• unpaired control

• Behaviorism

A procedure in which a CS and a US are presented randomly in relation to each other, so that the occurrence of the CS does not allow an improved prediction of when the US will appear.

• Unpaired control

• Random control

• Pseudoconditioning

• Extinction

A procedure for measuring fear in animals, usually rats. The stimulus to be tested is presented while the rats are responding to obtain a reward such as food. The more they are frightened, the longer they will freeze and thus the less they will respond. The reduction in their responding thus provides us with an objective measure of their fear.

• associative learning

• taste-aversion learning

• conditioned emotional response (CER)

• Sensitization

A statistic used to measure the reduction in responding during a CER test. The statistic is B/(A + B), where B is the number of responses during the test stimulus and A is the number of responses during an equivalent period just before the test stimulus was presented.

• Second-order conditioning

• Unpaired control

• galvanic skin response

What is eliminating a CR by pairing a CS with a US that elicits incompatible UR response?

• Second-order conditioning

• The Renewal effect

• Disinhibition

• Counter conditioning

The reappearance of a response that has undergone extinction after a passage of time without further conditioning trials.

• Spontaneous recovery

• Generalization

• Disinhibition

• Counter conditioning

The reappearance of a CR to a stimulus that has undergone extinction that can occur if a novel stimulus is presented shortly before the extinguished stimulus.

• Disinhibition

• Generalization

• Discrimination

• The Renewal effect

A conditioned stimulus that prevents the occurrence of a conditioned response.

• Discrimination

• Conditioned Inhibition

• Counter Conditioning

• Spontaneous recovery

The transfer of learned response from one stimulus to another, similar stimulus.

• Generalization

• The renewal effect

• Extinction

• Discrimination