Comparative DNA in Organisms

Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence
• exactly the same DNA sequences
• no proteins in common
• completely different DNA sequence

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Scientists compare organisms' DNA to support the theory that all species share a common _________________

• separation
• ancestor
• population
• environment

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Recently, scientists have been able to use ___________to find common proteins and amino acids to determine how closely related species are.

• DNA

• Vestigial structures

• Fossils

• Homologous structures

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Amino acid sequences can be compared to determine relationships between species. When comparing the sequences provided, which two organisms are humans most closely related to?

• horses and gorillas

• gorillas and chimpanzees

• chimpanzees and zebras

• zebras and horses

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A population of chimpanzees was separated when the forest they had lived in had a section cut down and a town was built. After a long period of time, the chimpanzees came back into contact but were incapable of breeding. Which of the following best describes the process that occurred?

• speciation

• adaptation

• gradualism

• punctuated equilibrium

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When scientists compare the amino acid sequences for the red blood cell protein hemoglobin between various species, what can they determine about the evolutionary relationship between the species?

• It can be determined how efficient hemoglobin is for different species.

• It can determine relatedness between members of the same species.

• It can provide evidence about the relatedness of different species.

• It can show which species evolved first.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The amino acid sequence for a protein was compared between three species. Species A and B had 2 differences, Species A and C had 6 difference, & Species B and C had 4 differences. Which species are most closely related?

• A and B

• A and C

• B and C

• All species are equally related

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This table shows the number of differences in amino acids of a protein when compared to humans. Which species is LEAST closely related to humans?

• Chimpanzee

• Fruit fly

• Horse

• Pigeon

• Rattlesnake

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True or False: Species are more closely related if they have a more recent common ancestor.

• True

• False

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Why can similarities in amino acid sequences be used to determine species relatedness?

• You are born with all of you amino acids

• amino acids control which DNA is used to build you

• DNA codes for amino acid sequences, so similar amino acid sequences indicate similar DNA

• amino acids cannot provide valid data on species relatedness

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