Biology Bliz

which of the following choices best describes a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells contain a cell membrane that allows materials in and out of the cell, whereas, prokaryotic cells do not contain a cell membrane.

• Prokaryotic cells are more able to synthesize materials due to their membrane-bound organelles.

• DNA is located within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, whereas, DNA is not bound within a nucleus of prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells are he building blocks for multi-cellular organisms, whereas, eukaryotic cells are mostly considered sing-celled life forms.

A plant cell is placed in a solution whose solute concentration is twice as great as the concentration of the cell cytoplasm. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing water but not the solutes to pass through. What will happen to the cell?

• The cell will shrivel because of osmosis.

• The cell will swell because of osmosis.

• The cell will shrivel because of active transport of water

• The cell will swell because of active transport of water

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The movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration is called

• active transport

• passive transport

• facilitated diffusion

• osmosis

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

• four genetically identical cells.

• two genetically identical cells.

• two genetically different cells.

• four genetically different cells.

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?

• Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.

• Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.

• Only favorable adaptations have survival value.

• Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes

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Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, these bones having developed from very similar embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret these similarities?

• by identifying the bones as being vestigal structures

• by the principle of convergent evolution

• by proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common ancestor

• by the principal of microevolution

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An extra finger in humans is rare but is due to a dominant gene. When one parent is normal and the other parent has an extra finger but is heterozygous for the trait, what is the probability that the first child will be normal?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

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Carriers of the x-linked color-blindness trait include:

• Men who are heterozygous for the trait.

• Men who are homozygous for the trait.

• Women who are heterozygous for the trait.

• Women who are homozygous for the trait.

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The largest animals on Earth are the baleen whales. They feed primarily on krill, a small, shrimp-like animal. What is the advantage to baleen whales in eating tiny first-order consumers rather than eating large animals that are third- or fourth-order consumers?

• The tiny first-order consumers are less dangerous than animals of higher orders.

• The total amount of available energy is greater in first-order consumers than in higher orders.

• The first-order consumers tend to be more spread out than higher-order consumers.

• The number of available producers is greater for lower orders.

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Phosphorus is required for organisms to synthesize DNA and phospholipids. In an ecosystem, phosphorus is transferred into the soil by the weathering of rocks. Phosphorus is absorbed by plants, which are consumed by herbivores. Carnivores obtain phosphorus through the consumption of herbivores. Which is a process that transfers phosphorus between an abiotic (nonliving) system and a biotic (living) system?

• an herbivore consuming a plant

• a carnivore consuming an herbivore

• a plant absorbing phosphorus from the soil

• weathering of rocks releases phosphorus into the soil

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