The illustration depicts the image of:

a piece of DNA in a cell that is used for gene regulation and expression

a piece of flagellum in a eukaryotic cell for movement.

a piece of RNA in a cell to help create proteins.

At which stage in the lives of identical twins is the DNA code expected to be most similar?

Trick question; the DNA code doesn't generally change

At what stage in the life of identical twins is the epigenome expected to be most similar?

Trick quesiton; the epigenome never changes

a protein that packages DNA to be read in a nucleosome

a tRNA that helps complete gene expression

a lipid that binds to DNA to be read

a protein that causes DNA to be inaccessible

What is DNA methylation and how does it affect gene expression?

DNA methylation is a process where methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule, which can affect gene expression.

DNA methylation is a process where DNA is replicated, which can lead to mutations in gene expression.

DNA methylation is a process where DNA is broken down into smaller molecules, which has no effect on gene expression.

DNA methylation is a process where DNA is transcribed into RNA, which can affect gene expression.

Explain the role of histone modification in epigenetics.

Histone modification plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression by influencing the accessibility of DNA to the transcriptional machinery.

Histone modification is not involved in epigenetics

Histone modification only affects RNA processing

Histone modification has no impact on gene expression

What are non-coding RNAs and how do they contribute to epigenetic regulation?

Non-coding RNAs are RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but play a role in gene expression and epigenetic regulation.

Non-coding RNAs are not actually RNA molecules

Non-coding RNAs are only involved in protein synthesis, not epigenetic regulation

Non-coding RNAs have no role in gene expression or epigenetic regulation

Discuss the impact of environmental factors on epigenetic changes.

Environmental factors can lead to epigenetic changes by altering DNA methylation and histone modification.

Epigenetic changes are only caused by genetic factors

Environmental factors have no impact on epigenetic changes

There is no relationship between environmental factors and epigenetic changes

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in prokaryotes

a genetic on/off switch in prokaryotes

a genetic on/off switch in eukaryotes

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in eukaryotes

heterochromatin-dense, no transcription; euchromatin- not dense, transcription

histone acetylation- increase transcription; histone methylation (and DNA methylation)- decrease transcription

euchromatin-dense, no transcription; heterochromatin- not dense, transcription

histone methylation- increase transcription; histone acetylation- decrease transcription

Which of the following would most likely be an "on," or highly expressed, gene?

A gene with a short poly-A tail

Eukaryotes need to regulate their genes

during cell specialization that occurs during development

in order to maintain homeostasis

Which of the following help to turn genes on so that they are expressed (transcribed and translated)?

a high level of condensation (coiling around histones)

Which of the following are types of post-transcriptional control of genes in eukaryotes?

alternative RNA splicing or processing

gene silencing through RNA interference

destruction of ubiquitin tagged proteins

Alternative RNA splicing involves

removing introns and splicing different exons together

removing introns and splicing the same exons together

removing exons and splicing the same introns together

removing exons and splicing different introns together

What is the correct order of regions on the lac operon?

Promotor, operator, structural genes

Operator, structural genes, promoter

operator, promoter, structural genes

How does the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins affect DNA coiling?

makes histones more hydrophobic so DNA coils more tightly

Reduces positive charge so DNA loosens

Reduces negative charge so DNA coils more tightly

The lac operon genes only become expressed if:

the repressor binds to the operator

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in prokaryotes

a genetic on/off switch in prokaryotes

a genetic on/off switch in eukaryotes

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in eukaryotes

Which of the following help to turn genes on by loosening DNA so that they are expressed (transcribed and translated)?

a high level of condensation (coiling around histones)

HHMI Genetic Switches

Authored by Charles Martinez

Biology

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

The two different cells become mutated

The proteins expressed in each cell are different

They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

The genome of the different cells changes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

20 sec • 1 pt

What is a Gene?

A segment of RNA that encodes for a protein

A chromosome

A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein

Your genome

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

cell multiplication

cell division

mitosis

cell differentiation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The difference between DNA code and the epigenome is that the DNA code is

flexible, while the epigenome is fixed for life

fixed for life, while the epigenome is flexible

determined by the environment, while the epigenome is not

determined by one's stress level, while the epigenome is not

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

When cells are exposed to chemicals that damage DNA, what is the usual response?

The cells automatically become cancerous

Normal biochemical repair processes fix any damage

The cells undergo apoptosis, a type of cell death

The cells change to a different type of cell

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which factor can affect the epigenome?

nutrition

exercise

stress

all of these factors can affect the epigenome

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Gene regulation is the process that is used to:

help make sugars for cells in plants.

make glycosomes in cells.

turning genes on and off.

Not sure, need help.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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HHMI Genetic Switches

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

What is a Gene?

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

The difference between DNA code and the epigenome is that the DNA code is

When cells are exposed to chemicals that damage DNA, what is the usual response?

Which factor can affect the epigenome?

Gene regulation is the process that is used to:

The illustration depicts the image of:

True or False: For gene expression in prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm

Methylation involves chemical tags covering DNA, contributing to the

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