Unit 4 Review

Which organelle provides support and structure to the cell?

• Nucleus

• Cell membrane

• Cell wall

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

The cell wall provides support and structure to plant cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them. In contrast, the nucleus, cell membrane, and mitochondria serve different functions within the cell.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in animal cells?

• Cell division

• Photosynthesis

• Energy production

• Protein synthesis

Answer explanation

The primary function of mitochondria in animal cells is energy production. They convert nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of the cell, which is essential for various cellular processes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Which part of the cell is responsible for controlling the entry and exit of substances?

• Golgi apparatus

• Ribosome

• Cell membrane

• Nucleus

Answer explanation

The cell membrane is responsible for controlling the entry and exit of substances. It acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain molecules to pass while blocking others, thus maintaining the cell's internal environment.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

• Lysosome

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer explanation

The mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' because they generate ATP, the main energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration. This distinguishes them from lysosomes, chloroplasts, and the endoplasmic reticulum.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which of the following best describes inherited genes?

• Genes that are acquired during a person’s lifetime based on their environment and experiences.

• Genes that are passed down from parents to offspring and determine traits like eye color and height.

• Genes that change randomly due to an individual’s behavior or diet.

• Genes that only affect physical traits but not behavior or health.

Answer explanation

Inherited genes are those passed from parents to offspring, influencing traits such as eye color and height. This distinguishes them from acquired traits, which result from environmental factors.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Stores genetic information (DNA):

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• ribosome

• golgi apparatus

Answer explanation

The nucleus is the cell organelle that stores genetic information in the form of DNA. Other options like cytoplasm, ribosome, and golgi apparatus do not store DNA.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Holds the internal components of cells in place and allows for chemical reactions to occur:

• cell wall

• mitochondria

• cytoplasm

• chloroplast

Answer explanation

The cytoplasm holds the internal components of cells in place and provides a medium for chemical reactions to occur, making it essential for cellular function. The other options do not serve this purpose.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which of the following is an example of a physiological adaptation?

• A bird's beak shape suited for eating insects

• The ability of humans to sweat to cool down the body

• Penguins huddling together to conserve heat

• A lion's sharp claws for catching prey

Answer explanation

The ability of humans to sweat to cool down the body is a physiological adaptation, as it involves a bodily function that helps regulate temperature. The other options describe structural or behavioral adaptations.

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?

• A bird's beak shape suited for eating insects

• The ability of humans to sweat to cool down the body

• Penguins huddling together to conserve heat

• A lion's sharp claws for catching prey

Answer explanation

Penguins huddling together to conserve heat is a behavioral adaptation, as it involves a specific action taken by the penguins to survive in cold environments, unlike physical traits like beak shape or claws.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-4

Which of the following are structural adaptations?

• A bird's beak shape suited for eating insects

• The ability of humans to sweat to cool down the body

• Penguins huddling together to conserve heat

• A lion's sharp claws for catching prey

Answer explanation

Structural adaptations are physical features that enhance survival. A bird's beak shape for eating insects and a lion's sharp claws for catching prey are examples of such adaptations, while sweating and huddling are behavioral adaptations.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2