Holt McDougal Psychology Chapter 6

Which of the following definitions fits classical conditioning the best?

• When a reinforcer is used to guide behavior closer to a desired behavior.

• When a behavior is either strengthened or diminished by a reinforcer or a punisher.

• Creating a new behavior based on two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

• A relatively permanent change in behavior based on experience.

Which psychologists conducted the Little Albert experiment?

• John Watson

• Ivan Pavlov

• Sigmund Freud

• B. F. Skinner

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

• A learned response to a conditioned stimulus

• An unlearned response to a stimulus

• A stimulus that naturally triggers a response

• A stimulus that originally didn't trigger a response but after association, it comes to trigger a conditioned response.

In Pavlov's Dog experiment what was the unconditioned stimulus?

• Dog's salivating

• Food

• Bell

• Ringing of the bell

Higher-order thinking is a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new _________ _________, creating a second conditioned stimulus.

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Unconditioned Response

• Unconditioned Response

• Neutral Stimulus

What is the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response?

• Spontaneous recovery

• Extinction

• Acquisition

• Habituation

What is an example of Positive reinforcement?

• A mother yelling at her kid to stop jumping on the couch.

• Giving your dog a treat when they perform a trick.

• Taking a kid's phone away because they have bad grades.

• Being able to go out because you got good grades.

What type of reinforcement satisfies biological needs?

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive reinforcement

• Secondary reinforcement

• Primary reinforcement

What type of schedule reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed?

• Fixed-ratio

• Variable-ratio

• Fixed-interval

• Variable-interval

Which schedule of reinforcement produces the most responses?

• Fixed-ratio

• Fixed-interval

• Variable-ratio

• Variable-interval