Mechanisms of Genetics

[6A] Which of these substances is found in DNA molecules?

• Glucose

• Uric Acid

• Nitric Acid

• Deoxyribose

[6B] Colonies of genetically engineered E.Coli bacteria produce human insulin that diabetics can use. Bacteria are able to produce proteins because both bacteria and humans-

• have the same genome

• are both prokaryotes

• similar nucleotides are present in both

• are closely related

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[6C] A model of a biological process in shown. What is the purpose of this process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

• to assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

• to translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

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[6D] Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to preform specialized activities?

• The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences

• The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

• The mutation of genes within each cell type

• The use of different methods of cell division

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[6E] A point mutation in a gene leads to the transcription of a different mRNA codon than before. If the original codon was CGU, the mRNA codon that would most likely lead to the synthesis of an altered protein is-

• AGA

• AGU

• CGC

• CGG

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[6F] In cocker spaniels the allelle for a black coat color (B) is dominant over the allele for a brown coat color (b). If a brown cocker spaniel is crossed with a heterozygous black cocker spaniel, which of the following genotypic ratios can be expected?

• 0 BB: 2 Bb: 2 bb

• 1BB: 2 Bb: 1 bb

• 2 BB: 0 Bb: 2 bb

• 2 BB: 1 Bb: 0 bb

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[6G] The process of meiosis iis most important to organisms as a means of increasing-

• body size

• cell populations

• chromosome number

• genetic variation

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[6F] A gardener crosses a pea plant that produces yellow, wrinked seeds (Yyww) with a pea plant that produces green, round seeds (yyWw). What percentage of the offspring from this cross should have green, wrinkled seeds?

• 0%

• 50%

• 25%

• 10%

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[6E] Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

• The nuclear membrane is ruptured

• Amino acids do not bond to tRNA

• a codon sequence is incorrect

• Transportation of mRNA does not occur

[6A] Characteristics such as a widow's peak or attached earlobes are determined by the genetic code. Which componenets of DNA are referred to as the genetic code?

• Phospahte groups

• Nitrogenous bases

• Deoxyribose sugars

• Hydrogen Bonds

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