Keystone Bioenergetics

Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants?

• active transport

• cellular respiration

• DNA replication

• protein synthesis

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Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

• Mitochondria release chemical energy from molecules and store it in chloroplasts.

• Chloroplasts release chemical energy from molecules and store it in mitochondria.

• Mitochondria convert chemical energy into light energy that can be used by chloroplasts.

• Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.

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A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most likely learn from the observation?

• The reaction produced water.

• The reaction consumed water.

• The reaction caused an output of energy.

• The reaction required an input of energy.

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Which statement best compares the energy transformations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Only photosynthesis uses oxygen to create energy

• Only photosynthesis causes an increase in kinetic energy.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both store energy in chemical bonds.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require chemical energy to make food.

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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two major processes of carbon cycling in living organisms. Which statement correctly describes one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Both occur in animal and plant cells.

• Both include reactions that transform energy.

• Both convert light energy into chemical energy.

• Both synthesize organic molecules as end products.

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Molecules Needed for Protein Synthesis

• mRNA • tRNA • amino acids • ATP molecules

A plant cell uses the molecules in the list to synthesize a protein. What role do the ATP molecules play in the protein synthesis process?

• They provide energy.

• They increase activation energy.

• They convert energy into hereditary information.

• They absorb excess energy to prevent overheating.

Which statement best explains why cellular respiration in plants and other organisms is dependent on photosynthesis?

• Photosynthesis is one of the final steps in cellular respiration.

• Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration.

• Photosynthesis absorbs excess energy produced by cellular respiration.

• Photosynthesis absorbs materials that are catalyzed during cellular respiration.

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Using a microscope, a student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy transformation most likely occurs first within the observed organelle?

• ATP to light

• light to chemical

• heat to electrical

• chemical to chemical

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A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?

• Both processes produce carbon dioxide.

• Both processes require energy directly from the Sun.

• Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process.

• Thermal energy from one process is used as the energy source for the other process.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

The diagram shows an energy transformation that typically occurs in plant cell plastids. Which statement best describes this role of plastids in the plant cell?

• Chloroplasts transform light energy into chemical energy

• Mitochondria transform light energy into chemical energy.

• Chloroplasts transform chemical energy into electromagnetic energy.

• Mitochondria transform chemical energy into electromagnetic energy

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