Matter and Energy in Earth's System

What is the main source of energy for most processes at Earth's surface?

• the sun
• the moon
• Mars
• gravity

What is thermal energy?

• a tool for measuring temperature
• the energy that is transferred between objects at different temperatures
• the different rates at which materials become heated/cooled
• the total kinetic energy of particles

Which is denser, a bowling ball or a beach ball that are exactly the same size?

• bowling ball
• beach ball

What is heat?

• the energy that transfers from cold to hot
• the total kinetic energy of particles inside a system
• the energy that is transferred between objects that are at different temperatures
• the same thing as temperature

The different rates at which materials become warmer or cooler are due to a property called

• specific heat
• radiation
• conduction
• convection

Water has a higher specific heat than land, meaning

• Lake Erie gets cold before the land around it does in the winter.
• Lake Erie warms up faster than the land near it in the spring.
• Water is denser than land.
• water heats up more slowly than land.

The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves (without direct contact) is

• thermal expansion
• radiation
• convection
• conduction

The sun's rays, a hot burner on a stove and a campfire are examples of

• radiation
• convection
• conduction
• specific heat

The transfer of energy due to the movement of matter (warm substance rising/cool substance sinking) is called

• radiation
• convection
• conduction
• electromagnetic waves

Less-dense matter being forced upward by colder, denser matter happen in the air, in the ocean, and in the rock cycle.  The cycling of matter is called a

• radiation current
• a convection current
• a conduction current
• an electric current