Chapter 13 Holt Environmental Science

Which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands?

• increasing runoff

• absorbing and removing pollutants from water

• trapping carbon that would otherwise be released into the air

• controlling floods

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Estuaries are very productive ecosystems because they receive fresh nutrients from

• lakes and ponds

• rivers and oceans

• marshes and swamps

• streams and springs

What causes most coastal pollution in the United States?

• overfishing

• temperature changes

• industrial waste and sewage

• lakes and ponds

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Swamps are commonly found on

• rocky hillsides

• flat, poorly drained land

• forest clearings

• bottoms of ponds or lakes

The majority of marine organisms are found in

• deep ocean waters

• shallow, coastal waters

• fisheries

• none of the above

As they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become

• wider

• warmer

• slower

• all of the above

Which of the following statements is not correct?

• Lakes may contain a region that receives little sunlight.

• Wetlands help remove pollutants from water.

• Swamps are dominated by woody shrubs and water-loving trees.

• Rivers generally move faster, and their oxygen levels decrease, as they near the ocean.

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Threats to ocean ecosystems are

• nutrient runoff and industrial waste discharges.

• overfishing and entanglement of marine mammals in trawl nets.

• sewage and algal blooms.

• All of the above

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The types of organisms found in a pond or lake depend on

• the amount of sunlight available

• the temperature of the water

• the presence of nutrients

• All of the above

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In the _____ zone, life is diverse and abundant.

• benthic

• eutrophic

• littoral

• plankton