Biology Keystone Module 1 # 2

Which statement best explains why cellular respiration in plants and other organisms is dependent on photosynthesis? 

• Photosynthesis is one of the final steps in cellular respiration.
• Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration. 
• Photosynthesis absorbs excess energy produced by cellular respiration. 
• Photosynthesis absorbs materials that are catalyzed during cellular respiration. 

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Molecules Needed for Protein Synthesis
      mRNA
      tRNA
      amino acids
      ATP molecules
A plant cell uses the molecules in the list to synthesize a protein. What role do the ATP molecules play in the protein synthesis process? 

• They provide energy. 
• They increase activation energy. 
• They convert energy into hereditary information. 
• They absorb excess energy to prevent overheating 

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The indicated protein is part of a cell membrane. What is the most likely purpose of this protein? 

• It allows passage of particles into and out of the cell. 
• It manufactures phospholipids to repair membrane damage. 
• It releases stored chemical energy in membrane carbohydrates. 
• It attracts unbalanced electrical charges in the cell’s environment. 

Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport? 

• Only active transport requires ATP. 
• Only active transport moves small particles. 
• Only active transport relies on a plasma membrane. 
• Only active transport allows substances to leave a cell. 

All living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. Which statement best describes one way humans maintain homeostasis? 

• Temperature is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide. 
• Water content is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide. 
• Temperature is regulated by sweating. 
• Water content is regulated by sweating. 

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Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. The cell walls of these microorganisms serve as barriers to chemicals that might affect the processes that occur within a bacterial cell. Antibiotics are a type of substance used to stop bacterial growth. Some antibiotics cause the bacterial cell wall to rupture. The function of which human organ is most like the cell walls of bacteria? 

• heart
• liver
• pancreas
• skin

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Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. The cell walls of these microorganisms serve as barriers to chemicals that might affect the processes that occur within a bacterial cell. Antibiotics are a type of substance used to stop bacterial growth. Some antibiotics cause the bacterial cell wall to rupture.Which statement best describes how antibiotics affect cellular homeostasis? 

• Antibiotics remove chloroplasts from plant cells to cause starvation. 
• Antibiotics interfere with the transport of intracellular and extracellular materials. 
• Antibiotics increase the rate of DNA replication in human cells by forming nucleotides. 
• Antibiotics decrease the rate of cellular respiration in animal cells by producing oxygen. 

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Adipose cells (fat cells) are specialized for energy storage.  How does the structure of adipose cells suit their function?

• They contain vacuoles to accommodate large lipids.
• They contain large nuclei to direct the cells' activities.
• The contain lysosomes to quickly digest waste matter.
• They contain cilia to move them to areas that require energy.

This beaker has three membranes. Each is permeable to water but not to calcium (Ca) ions. A researcher pours four concentrations of calcium ions in water into the chambers. In which chamber will the water level be highest when equilibrium is reached?

• chamber 1
• chamber 2
• chamber 3
• chamber 4

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Which of these is present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

• nucleus
• ribosome
• chloroplast
• mitochondrion