DNA and Protein Synthesis

Examine the diagram depicting a biological process. What nucleotide will be paired with cytosine at the position labeled X?

• adenine

• guanine

• thymine

• uracil

The diagram shows a section of a nucleic acid. What is formed by all of the components shown in the circled portion of the molecule?

• amino acid

• nitrogen base

• nucleotide

• phosphate

What would be the first and most direct impact to a cell if its production of nucleic acids was interrupted?

• It would reduce the cell membrane's ability to control what enters and leaves the cell.

• It would interfere with the cell's ability to transmit hereditary information to new cells.

• It would reduce the amount of energy the cell would have available for life processes.

• It would interfere with the production of lipids that regulate hormones and vitamins in the cell.

If the anticodon of a molecule of tRNA has the sequence GAU, what was the original DNA sequence?

• CTA

• CUA

• GAT

• CAT

The diagram shows a cellular process in which a double-stranded molecule of nucleic acid gives rise to a single-stranded molecule of nucleic acid. Place the terms that correctly describe the process.

​

• mRNA

• is

• DNA
• to

• transcribed

What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids?

• Nucleic acids encode and transmit genetic information which is used to make proteins.

• Proteins are produced by the mitochondria that are made up of nucleic acids.

• Proteins compose the nucleic acids that store genetic information.

• Nucleic acids are the basic units that compose proteins in the cell.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The codon chart shows the amino acids coded for by each RNA codon. Which amino acids are coded for by the mRNA strand: AUG UCA CGA GGU?

• methionine, leucine, alanine, lysine

• methionine, serine, arginine, glycine

• tyrosine, serine, alanine, proline

• tyrosine, proline, serine, glycine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What relationship exists between amino acids and proteins?

• Proteins and amino acids bond to form lipids.

• Amino acids are larger molecules than proteins.

• Proteins are made up of amino acids.

• Amino acids form when proteins bond together.

An RNA sequence includes 15 codons. How many amino acids does this sequence encode?

• 3

• 5

• 15

• 45

The diagram shows the basic component of an important organic molecule. This structure is the monomer for which category of molecules?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins