Introduction

_______________ is a set of tools and processes that can be used separately or be combined to complete spatial tasks and analysis.

the traditional way of representing locations on the surface of the earth ____________________ and ___________________

_______________________ inherently reflect only one attribute or characteristic for an area.

In Geographic Referencing, the ________________ causes distortions in one or more spatial properties ( area, shape, distance, or direction).

The most important component of a GIS is the __________________

Refers to the creation of a zone of a specified width around a point or a line or a polygon area

_____________ provide the capability to combine various data into a composite data layer that may become a base layer in a database

A GIS can integrate spatial data with other existing data resources, often stored in a corporate ________________

a GIS opeartion used to manipulate spatial data, it also include geographic feature overlay, feature selection and analysis

Meaning of GCS