Citing Textual Evidence to Support Analysis of the Text

"Quote" means...

• implied

• not directly stated

• suggested

• exactly as written or heard - word for word

An "inference" is...

• an educated guess

• an uneducated guess

• a completely random, yet interesting, guess

• a guess without any evidence or knowledge

What is the formula for an inference?

• Front-ground Details + More Details = Inference

• Background Knowledge + Evidence = Inference

• background + knowledge = Inference

• trick question - there is no such thing

Sometimes we have to “read between the lines.” Authors don’t always tell us everything. We need to use textual evidence and prior knowledge to understand the text better. 

• True
• False

Many breeds of dogs are used for work. In many cultures dogs are used to herd sheep. The dogs keep the flock from being attacked by animals such as wolves. They also keep sheep from wandering off. Sheepdogs are known for their loyalty and gentleness.

Based on your reading of the text, you can INFER that:

• Sheepdogs are not very smart dogs.

• Sheepdogs are gentle and loyal.

• There are many breeds of dogs.

• Wolves are afraid of sheepdogs.

Macey's mom noticed that she was squinting as she read her book, which was only a few inches away from her face. She scheduled a doctor's appointment for the next week, and when the doctor said Macey needed glasses, she tried on every single pair in the office. After spending an hour looking at glasses, mom suggested that perhaps she should sleep on it and come back and decide in the morning. Macey agreed, but she kept talking about the pros and cons of each pair all night long.

What can you infer about Macey?

• Macey is mad at her mother.

• Macey does not want glasses.

• Macey is very excited about getting glasses.

• Macey has trouble making decisions.

As the teacher lectured the class about how important it was to pay attention, Brian found himself staring out the window again. Suddenly, a little boy came up to the window and peeked in. The boy blew a bubble with his gum and it exploded all over his face and the window. Brian began laughing so hard he fell out of his seat. The rest of the class silently stared at him as the teacher walked to his desk.
What can you infer about how the teacher will react?

• She will ignore him and pretend she doesn't see.
• She will laugh at him because he's on the ground.
• She will help him up and give him a piece of gum.
• She will scold Brian for not paying attention in class.

Every day after work Paul took his muddy boots off on the steps of the front porch.  Alice would have a fit if the boots made it so far as the welcome mat.  He then took off his dusty overalls and threw them into a plastic garbage bag; Alice left a new garbage bag tied to the porch railing for him every morning.  On his way in the house, he dropped the garbage bag off at the washing machine and went straight up the stairs to the shower as he was instructed.  He would eat dinner with her after he was "presentable," as Alice had often said.  
What type of relationship do Paul and Alice have?

• They are brother and sister
• They are neighbors
• They are colleagues
• They are husband and wife

In real life, people who can prove an opinion with Textual Evidence are are going to be more right than people who can only give a reason because they think it is right.

• True

• False

What is an inference?

•  An inference is something that you think is true based on information that you have.
• An inference is directly written in the text