Kinetic

Juniper and her cousins are racing model cars they have built. Based on the table below, whose car has the most kinetic energy as it rolls down the road?

• Kylie

• Craig

• Sheldon

• Juniper

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A pitching machine is used to pitch two balls. The speed of both balls is 94 km/hr.

The mass of one ball is 5 grams, and the mass of the other ball is 50 grams. Since both balls are traveling at the same speed, which of the following is true?

• Neither ball has any kinetic energy.

• The 5-gram ball has more kinetic energy than the 50-gram ball.

• The balls have the same kinetic energy.

• The 50-gram ball has more kinetic energy than the 5-gram ball.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

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The diagram below shows two boulders that are rolling down a mountain slope. The mass of one boulder is 1,000 kilograms, and the mass of the other boulder is 50 kilograms. If both of the boulders are moving at the same speed, which of the following statements is true when both reach point A before touching the ground?

• The 1,000-kg boulder has more kinetic energy than the 50-kg boulder.

• The 50-kg boulder has more kinetic energy than the 1,000-kg boulder.

• Neither boulder has any kinetic energy.

• The boulders have the same kinetic energy.

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Two cars that are identical except for their color are traveling on the same road.

The red car is traveling at a speed of 78 km/hr, and the blue car is traveling at a speed of 106 km/hr. Which of the following statements is true?

• Neither car has any kinetic energy.

• The red car has more kinetic energy than the blue car.

• The blue car has more kinetic energy than the red car.

• The cars have the same kinetic energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

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Daniel and Robert went rowing. While Robert was rowing at a speed of 8 km/h, Daniel was rowing at a speed of 10 km/h in the opposite direction.

If the masses of the boats and their rowers are equal, which of the following is a true statement about their kinetic energies?

• Only Robert has kinetic energy because he is rowing in the forward direction.

• Robert has more kinetic energy than Daniel.

• Daniel has more kinetic energy than Robert.

• Only Daniel has kinetic energy because his energy cancels out Robert’s.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

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Two motorboats are traveling down a river. Motorboat 1 has a mass of 6,000 kg, and motorboat 2 has a mass of 1,500 kg. The graph below shows the kinetic energies of the boats as they gain speed.

If both boats gain speed at the same rate, why does motorboat 1 have more kinetic energy?

• It sits up higher in the water.

• It has more mass.

• It encounters more air resistance.

• Its length is greater.

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The picture below shows John, Mark, and Erica on an elevator. The elevator is moving down from the 10th floor of a building to the 1st floor of the building. John's mass is 78 kilograms, Mark's mass is 31 kilograms, and Erica's mass is 54 kilograms. At any given moment when they are moving down with the elevator, which of the following statements is true?

• John has the most kinetic energy, and Mark has the least kinetic energy.

• Mark has the most kinetic energy, and Erica has the least kinetic energy.

• Mark has the most kinetic energy, and John has the least kinetic energy.

• Erica has the most kinetic energy, and Mark has the least kinetic energy.

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Francis throws the same ball three different times. The diagram below shows the top speed at which the ball traveled during each throw. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

• The ball had the same kinetic energy during all three throws.

• The ball had the most kinetic energy during the second throw.

• The ball had the most kinetic energy during the first throw.

• The ball had the most kinetic energy during the third throw.

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The following graph shows the kinetic energy of a roller coaster car as it passes through a loop.

What was the most likely cause for the rise in kinetic energy after 2.5 seconds?

• The roller coaster was pulled with decreasing gravitational force.

• The roller coaster began speeding up.

• The roller coaster started gaining elevation.

• The roller coaster began slowing down.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

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A 15,000-kilogram truck and a 3,000-kilogram van are moving alongside one another on a road. The vehicles are moving at the same speed, and the speed of both vehicles is constant.

Which of the following statements is true about the vehicles?

• The truck has more kinetic energy than the van.

• The van has more kinetic energy than the truck.

• Neither vehicle has any kinetic energy.

• The vehicles have the same kinetic energy.

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