Ohio Biology EOC Review

SC. 912.L.14.1 Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?

• Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole.

• Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.

• Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.

• Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.

SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells?

• Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles.

• Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

• Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes.

• Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do.

SC.912.L.16.1 When an organism has more than 10 fingers or toes, the condition is known as polydactylism. Although polydactylism is rare, it is a dominant trait. If two cats that are heterozygous for polydactylism mate and have a litter with a total of 12 kittens, how many of them would you expect to have more than 10 fingers or toes?

• 0

• 6

• 9

• 12

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SC.912.L.16.1 In pea plants, the allele for white flowers is recessive to the allele for purple flowers. In a generation of pea plants, 89 plants produced purple flowers and 31 plants produced white flowers. Which of the following is the best conclusion you can make about the parent plants of this generation?

• Both parent plants are heterozygous for flower color.

• Both parent plants were homozygous with purple flowers.

• One parent plant had white flowers and the other was heterozygous for flower color.

• One parent plant was heterozygous for flower color and the other was homozygous with purple flowers.

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SC.912.L.16.3 Why do cells need both tRNA and mRNA?

• Only mRNA can be used to repair mistakes in the DNA sequence.

• Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids

• The tRNA in used on the ribosomes and the mRNA is used in the nucleus

• The mRNA brings information to the nucleus for the tRNA to use.

SC.912.L.16.3 ATCAGTGAT A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?

• 5

• 4

• 2

• 3

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(3.05 HC) SC.912.L.16.3 A cell is replicating its DNA. Part of the DNA strand reads A-C-C-G-T-A-C. The new strand built off this section reads T-G-G-A-A-T-G. What effect might this have when the DNA replicates in the future?

• Cells having the new DNA version will look or operate differently from cells with the original DNA.

• Only the sections of DNA without mistakes will be used in the future so the DNA strand will shorten.

• The DNA will be exactly like the original since only the original strand of DNA is used as a template

• When the new strand is used as a template the strand built from it will differ from the original DNA.

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SC.912.L.18.1 Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?

• Both are made up of monosaccharide monomers, but lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic.

• Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural units and lipids do not.

• Both contain carbon and hydrogen, but carbohydrates also contain oxygen and lipids contain nitrogen.

• Both have a carbon backbone, but lipids also have an amino group and carbohydrates have a carboxylic acid group.

SC.912.L.18.1 Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?

• Nucleic acids are used as the building blocks of proteins, while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids.

• Nucleic acids inhibit biochemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells.

• Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.

• Nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical processes, while enzymes convert carbohydrates into lipids and proteins.

SC. 912.L.18.1 Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

• The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction.

• The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.

• The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell.

• The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.

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