Regents Evolution

The theory of evolution states that

• species change over time, sometimes developing into new species

• species that are extinct have no biological relationship to living species

• the environment of Earth is constant over time

• different animal species always interbreed to form new and different species

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Which of the following best describes natural selection?

• A process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

• A random change in the DNA sequence of an organism

• The movement of individuals from one population to another

• The intentional breeding of organisms by humans

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What is the primary mechanism by which evolution occurs?

• Genetic drift

• Natural selection

• Artificial selection

• Gene flow

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Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?

• The wings of a bat and the wings of a butterfly

• The flippers of a whale and the wings of a bird

• The forelimbs of a human and the forelimbs of a cat

• The eyes of a human and the eyes of an octopus

What does the fossil record provide evidence for?

• The spontaneous generation of life

• The gradual change of species over time

• The constancy of species over time

• The immediate appearance of complex life forms

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Which scientist is credited with the theory of evolution by natural selection?

• Gregor Mendel

• Charles Darwin

• Louis Pasteur

• Isaac Newton

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What is genetic drift?

• A change in allele frequencies due to random events

• A change in allele frequencies due to natural selection

• The transfer of alleles from one population to another

• The intentional breeding of organisms by humans

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

• The human appendix

• The wings of a bird

• The fins of a fish

• The eyes of a cat

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What is the significance of the Galápagos finches in the study of evolution?

• They demonstrate the process of artificial selection

• They show how environmental changes can lead to speciation

• They are an example of genetic drift

• They are evidence of the constancy of species

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Which of the following statements is true about mutations?

• All mutations are harmful to the organism

• Mutations can introduce new genetic variation into a population

• Mutations always lead to the formation of new species

• Mutations are always beneficial to the organism

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