Biology Benchmark

Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, a type of sugar found in milk. Lactase functions best between 21°C and 48°C, and at a pH between 2 and 7. Which of the following would happen to lactase and lactose if the temperature and pH fell far outside of these ranges?

• The lactase would carry out the reverse reaction, synthesizing lactose.

• The lactase would break apart lactose into very small molecules.

• The lactase would be unable to breakdown the lactose.

• The lactose would be broken down in the same way as within the given range.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

The diagram shows the structure of alanine, an amino acid. Evelyn is researching a procedure to synthesize alanine from glucose and other compounds. The procedure involves several chemical reactions. Most likely, one of the reactions will accomplish which of the following tasks?

• removing sulfur atoms from a 6-carbon sugar

• adding oxygen atoms to a 6-carbon sugar

• adding an amino group (-NH2) to a carbon compound

• removing a carboxyl group (-COOH) from a carbon compound

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

This chain of amino acids will make...

• a monomer - nucleic acid

• a monomer - lipid

• a polymer - carbohydrate

• a polymer - protein

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What makes a plant cell different from an animal cell?

• No membrane

• Changes size and shape

• has a cell wall and chloroplasts

• less chromosomes

What type of cell is this?

• Plant

• Animal

• Fungi

• Prokaryote

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

What type of cell is this?

• plant

• animal

• fungi

• prokaryote

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

This has NO organelles.

It cannot reproduce without a host.

It's made of only a protein coat and DNA.

Its tiny - smaller than bacteria.

• Plant cell

• Virus

• Animal cell

• Prokaryotic cell

The cell membrane let's some things pass through. This is referred to as:

• Neutral

• Soluble

• Semi-permeable

• Impassable

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

This type of transport is called

• passive transport into the cell

• active transport into the cell

• diffusion

• protein synthesis

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

What type of solution is the cell in?

• Hypotonic

• Hypertonic

• Isotonic

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2