AP Biology Unit Two

How does the DNA in a prokaryote differ from a eukaryote?

• Prokaryote has circular DNA, Eukaryotes has linear DNA

• Prokaryote has single stranded DNA, Eukaryotes has double stranded DNA

• Prokaryote has linear DNA, Eukaryotes has prokaryote DNA

• Prokaryote has double stranded DNA, Eukaryotes has single stranded DNA

Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA strands?

• helicase

• DNA polymerase

• topoisomerase

• ligase

Which enzyme is responsible for joining the fragments on the lagging strand?

• helicase

• DNA polymerase

• topoisomerase

• ligase

How do the three types of RNA work together?

• mRNA carries message, tRNA carries amino acids, and rRNA makes ribosome

• mRNA makes ribosomes, tRNA carries amino acids, and rRNA relays information

• mRNA carries amino acids, tRNA transfer message, and rRNA makes ribosome

• mRNA is made, tRNA holds the DNA in place, and rRNA removes the deoxyribose

Describe the role of ribosomes in a cell.

• They store genetic information.

• They synthesize proteins.

• They break down waste materials.

• They transport substances across the cell membrane.

How does the structure of the cytoskeleton contribute to its function in the cell?

• Its rigid structure provides a fixed shape to the cell.

• Its dynamic nature allows for cell movement and stability.

• Its solid form prevents the cell from collapsing.

• Its impermeable nature protects the cell from external substances.

Compare and contrast the functions of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

• Both synthesize proteins; the rough ER also detoxifies chemicals.

• The smooth ER synthesizes lipids; the rough ER synthesizes proteins.

• Both store calcium ions; the smooth ER also synthesizes proteins.

• The rough ER detoxifies chemicals; the smooth ER stores genetic material.

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

• It stores DNA.

• It synthesizes ribosomal RNA.

• It regulates cell division.

• It modifies proteins.

Explain how the structure of the cell membrane contributes to its function.

• The rigid structure provides support and protection.

• The fluid mosaic model allows selective permeability.

• The thick layer prevents all substances from entering.

• The solid structure allows for easy transport of materials.

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

• Photosynthesis

• Protein synthesis

• Energy production

• Lipid storage

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7