Macromolecules Structure and Function

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Answer explanation

Waxes, oils, and fats are examples of lipids. Lipids are a group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. They serve as energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and play a role in cell signaling.

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HS-LS1-C-2

All polymers (macromolecules) are made up of...

• monosaccharides

• monomers

• proteins

• None of these

Answer explanation

Polymers are large molecules composed of smaller units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded together in a repeating pattern to form the polymer.

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HS-LS1-C-2

Lipids can be digested into what smaller subunits?

• nucleic acids

• amino acids

• fatty acids & glycerol

• glucose

Answer explanation

Lipids are a class of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They can be broken down into smaller subunits called fatty acids through a process called lipolysis.

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HS-LS1-C-2

Sugar belongs to which class of macromolecules?

• proteins

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• carbohydrates

Answer explanation

Sugar belongs to the class of macromolecules called carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, and they serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms. Sugars, such as glucose and fructose, are simple carbohydrates that can be broken down and used for energy.

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HS-LS1-C-2

What elements (monomers) make up a protein?

• C, H, O

• C, H, O, N

• C, H, O, N, P

Answer explanation

Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids. These amino acids contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) atoms. While other elements like phosphorus (P) are found in other biomolecules, they are not part of the monomers that make up proteins. Therefore, the correct choice is C, H, O, N.

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HS-LS1-C-2

What is the smallest unit of a macromolecule?

• micromolecule

• glucose

• monomer

• polymer

Answer explanation

The smallest unit of a macromolecule is a monomer.

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What is another name for a protein?

• fat

• sugar

• amino acid

• polypeptide

Answer explanation

A protein is also known as a polypeptide. Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks, but the term 'amino acid' refers to the individual units, not the entire protein. Fats and sugars are different types of macromolecules and are not synonymous with proteins.

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What holds amino acids together?

• hydrogen bonds

• peptide bonds

• ionic bonds

• james boonds

Answer explanation

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are held together by peptide bonds. These bonds are formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, creating a covalent bond. Hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds are involved in the folding and stabilization of protein structures, but peptide bonds are responsible for linking amino acids together.

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What 3 letters do sugars typically end in?

• -ose

• -ase

• -ese

• -tic

Answer explanation

Sugars typically end in the suffix '-ose'. This is a common naming convention in biochemistry for carbohydrates and monosaccharides. Examples include glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The other options, '-ase', '-ese', and '-tic', are not associated with sugars.

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What is the key role (function) of carbohydrates?

• energy storage

• immunity, muscles, structure for tissues, cell metabolism

• instant energy for cells and body functions

• genetic information (heredity)

Answer explanation

Carbohydrates play a crucial role in providing instant energy for cells and body functions. They are broken down into glucose, which is the primary source of energy for the body. This allows cells to perform their tasks efficiently and maintain overall health.

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