AP Environmental Science Energy

In a nuclear power plant, control rods;

• Are used to transport the spent nuclear fuel pellets into storage.

• Are moved in and out of the reactor core to regulate the rate of fission.

• Separate the reactor core from the turbine and condenser tower to keep radioactive materials from escaping.

• Are caused to spin by the high heat, thereby generating electricty.

• Are used to moderate water flow through the reactor.

When global demand for oil exceeds the rate at which is is produced;

• Price decreases and demand goes up.

• Price and demand stay the same.

• Flow rate is stopped.

• Flow rate to consumers goes down and price goes up.

• Flow rate to consumers goes up and price goes down.

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Oil as an energy source has all of the following disadvantages EXCEPT;

• OPEC controls much of the word's crude oil and is therefore able to control the price of oil.

• The posibility of oil tanker leaks and spills such as what occured with the Exxon Valdez.

• The loss or degradation of habitat if a leak develops in the pipelines used to transport oil.

• Depending on consumation, proven and unproven oil reserves could last more than 100 years.

• The possibility of accidents on offshore platforms, which could pollute water from oil spills and pollute air from fires.

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Which of the following is a benefit of using natural gas?

• It is four times as energy efficient as coal.

• It is cleaner-burning than coal.

• Coal power plants are cheaper to build and maintain than natural gas.

• Getting natural gas from Canada is inexpensive.

• CO2 is not released when burning natural gas.

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Methane, butane, and propane are;

• Components of natural gas.

• Forms of coal

• By-products of petroleum refining.

• Waste products of nuclear energy production

• Ozone-depleating compounds.

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The three largest users of coal are;

• China, The United States, and India.

• China, The United States, and Mexico.

• Russia, The United States, and Mexico.

• Russia, China and India.

• Saudi Arabia, Japan, and China.

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Coal has a huge environmental impact because of;

• The threat to human health due to air pollutants released when coal burns.

• The release of carbon, which contributes to global climate change.

• The fact that it is the most abundant fossil fuel.

• Its high cost, mostly to cover the transportation of coal to electric power plants.

• The use of new technology that makes coal safer and cleaner to remove from the earth and to transport to homes and industry.

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Which of the following negative impacts is NOT associated with coal mining and burning?

• Fracking used during extraction contaminates water and is associated with earthquakes.

• Carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide gases are emitted.

• Toxic heavy metals, such as mercury and arsenic, are released into the enviornment.

• Coal ash, which contains hevay metals and radium, is toxic and must be stored safely forever.

• Open- pit mining and mountaintop removal may be used to aquire reserves.

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Which of the following is an environmental benefit of using nuclear power?

• Radioactive waste can be stored in dry casks for 20 to 100 years.

• Spent fuel rods can be reprocessed to create weapons-grade plutonium.

• The nuclear fuel cycle produces climate-changing carbon dioxide, but it produces less than using fossil fuels.

• Spent fuel rods can provide a carbon-neutral heating source for homes.

• Nuclear power is cheaper than wind power.

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How does hydraullic fracturing contribute directly to climate change?

• Not all methane released from this method is captured; some escapes into the atmosphere, where it is a powerful greenhouse gas.

• Fracking contributes to earthquakes, which can release deep pocklets of carbon dioxide as a result of the techtonic shifts.

• Fracking operations release extensive amounts of carbon dioxide, which contributes further to climate change.

• Fracking can contaminate groundwater through leaking pipes that are not monitored properly.

• Fracking causes people to burn more methane, which adds more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

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