AP Chemistry Vocabulary

Reactant

• A substance on the right-hand side of an arrow in a chemical equation that is produced

• A substance on the left-hand side of an arrow in a chemical equation that undergoes a chemical change

• Any substance undergoing a physical change

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Protons

• Negative particles in an atom

• Positive particles in an atom

• Neutral particles in an atom

Electrons

• Negative particles in an atom

• Positive particles in an atom

• Neutral particles in an atom

Valence electrons

• electrons in the inner-most ring of an atom; determine the atomic mass number

• all the electrons inside an atom

• electrons in the outer-most ring of an atom; determine the reactivity

Group

• a horizontal left-to-right period on the periodic table - elements in a group share many properties

• the 3 types of elements found on the periodic table

• a vertical up and down column on the periodic table - elements in a group share many properties

Product

• A substance produced in a chemical reaction, shown as a substance to the left of an arrow in a chemical equation

• A substance produced in a chemical reaction, shown as a substance to the right of an arrow in a chemical equation

• A substance that disappears during a chemical equation, shown as a coefficient in a chemical reaction

Atomic Number

• Number of protons in an atom

• Number of neutrons in an atom

• The charge of an atom

Noble Gases

• Period 4 on the periodic table, made up of non-reactive metals

• Group 18 on the periodic table, made up of gases that do not react with other elements since they already have 8 valence electrons

• Group 17 on the periodic table, made up of very reactive gases since they have 7 valence electrons

Metals

• Substances found to the left of the staircase on the periodic table; they are often malleable, ductile, and good conductors

• Substances found to the right of the staircase on the periodic table; they are often malleable, ductile, and good conductors

• Substances found to the left of the staircase on the periodic table; they are often brittle, gases at room temperature, and poor conductors

Malleable

• A property of metals that means they are able to be bent or shaped (ex gold jewelry)

• A property of metals that means they easily break

• A property of non-metals that means they are not good conductors of electricity