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Which of the following best describe the processes of erosion and weathering?

• The transport of rocks and scratching of the rock below are both examples of weathering.

• The transport of the rocks is an example of erosion and the scratching of the rocks below is an example of weathering.

• The transport of the rocks is an example of weathering and the scratching of the rocks below is an example of erosion.

• The transport of rocks and scratching of the rock below are both examples of erosion.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

This geologic history provides information about the structure of the Eath's crust and supports the theory of plate tectonics. How do the Hawaiian Islands support the theory of plate tectonics?

• Each island is located on a different tectonic plate.

• The age of each island increases with distance from the hot spot.

• Hot spots form over subduction zones where tectonic plates come together.

• Hot spots occur at divergent plate boundaries commonly located in the middle of an ocean.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

Lori is learning about two parts of the rock cycle: weathering and erosion. She needs to explain how weathering and erosion are different. Which of the following correctly describes the difference between weathering and erosion?

• Weathering is the movement of rocks by the wind; erosion is the movement of rocks by the water.

• Weathering is the breaking down of rocks; erosion is the movement of weathered materials.

• Weathering is the formation of rocks from lava; erosion is the weathered materials from an area.

• Weathering is when rocks change from one type of rock to another; erosion is when rocks are broken down.

The photograph shows mountains in the Andes range in South America. Which statement describes the geologic process that is most likely responsible for the formation of these mountains?

• They are along a plate boundary in which plates are currently converging, causing uplift and steep slopes.

• They are along a transform plate boundary that is no longer active, so erosion is creating deep valleys.

• They are along a transform plate boundary in which plates are currently moving side by side, causing earthquakes and faults.

• They are along a plate boundary in which plates diverged in the distant past, allowing the new rock to build up.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

A mid-ocean ridge is located at the boundary of two tectonic plates. Which diagram correctly models the relative plate motion on each side of a mid-ocean ridge?

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About 90% of the world's earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire. What is the best explanation for the close association between volcanoes and earthquakes?

• This is an area of diverging plate boundaries.

• This is an area of converging plate boundaries.

• This is an area of transform fault plate boundaries.

• This is an area known for hot spots.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

You observe bacteria fossils in the upper layers of a rock you found in your backyard. However, you do not observe any fossils in the rock's bottom layers. Which of the following best support your observations?

• The rock formed very quickly due to the rapid changes of the rock.

• The top layers of any rock are much older than the bottom ones.

• The bottom layers of the rock could have formed before life occurred.

• The middle layers will determine the age of the rock and its composition.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Which diagram shows what happens when an ocean plate and a continental crustal plate meet?

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Yardangs are tall, broad peaks that appear in deserts. Weathering and erosion work together to form yardangs. They are produced by wind that carries dust or sand. The gritty wind wears away the soft rock of a cliff, leaving a shape like the one seen here. What are the agents of weathering and erosion that form yardangs?

• wind picking up sand from the desert

• wind and sand wearing away the rock face

• rock particles falling to the base of the yardang

• loose particles from the cliff blowing to new parts of the desert

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

In which environment is erosion likely to have the most impact?

• a steep hillside with little vegetation and strong downpours

• a steep hillside covered with grasses and mild downpours

• a flat valley with little vegetation and heavy downpours

• a flat valley covered with grasses and mild downpours

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2