Cycling of Matter and Energy in Ecosystems

Producers obtain their energy by

• the process of hunting for prey

• the process of eating plants

• the process of photosynthesis to make their own food from sunlight

• the process of breaking down once living things

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All living parts of an ecosystem (plants, animals, and decomposers) are depend on one another for

• food

• energy

• cycling matter

• food, energy, and the cycling of matter

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The food web shows

• many possible interactions and feeding relationships beween the organsims in the ecosystem

• a nice picture of what lives in the ecosystem

• the symbiotic relationships

• the keystone species

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Most producers get energy from the Sun using the process of

• cellular respiration

• chemosynthesis

• photosynthesis

• consumption

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The diagram shows the flow of organic molecules through an ecosystem. One process that occurs in this ecosystem is labeled X, and another that occurs is labeled Y.

Which two processes are identified as X and Y?

• X: respiration

  Y: predation

• X: adaptation

  Y: decomposition

• X: fermentation

  Y: nitrogen fixation

• X: decomposition

  Y: respiration

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This food web reveals that, as matter flows through trophic levels,

• matter from consumers, such as the green lynx spider, is eventually recycled by decomposers, such as a fungus.

• matter from producers, such as the cutleaf daisy, is immediately recycled by decomposers, such as a bacterium.

• matters from all organisms, such as the Bald eagle, is dissipated at each level and none of it is recycled.

• matter from the Sun is recycled after many years by consumers, such as a Bachman's sparrow.

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Ecosystems are ​ (a)   ​systems in terms of ​ (b)   . The opposite is true for ​ (c)   . The ecosystem is a ​ (d)   system in terms of matter.

• open

• energy

• matter

• closed

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or : Matter is neither created nor destroyed in ecosystems.

• True

• False

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Decomposers are important to ecosystems because they

• return vital nutrients to the ecosystem

• capture energy from the Sun

• are producers

• can be omnivores

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What are the products of photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide and water

• Carbon dioxide and oxygen

• Glucose and oxygen

• Glucose and water

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