AP Biology

Which statement describes the relationship of the ligand and the receptor?

• The ligand fits into a site on the receptor molecule like a lock and a key.

• The recptor fits into a site on the ligand molecule like a lock and a key.

• The ligand and receptor are antagonistic in nature.

• The ligand can bind with any surface receptor that is present.

Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to determine when they decide to initiate toxin production. Since the signals only move to nearby cells, this is an example of ___________ signaling.

• autocrine

• paracrine

• juxtacrine

• endocrine

Animal cells have structures called gap junctions to allow ligands to move directly from one cell to another. An example of this would be found in cardiac muscle tissue that allows the cells to beat in unison. This is an example of ___________ signaling.

• autocrine

• juxtacrine

• paracrine

• endocrine

Cells in animal adrenal glands secrete adrenaline to prepare muscles for exertion in the case of a threat. This is an example of __________ signaling.

• autocrine

• juxtacrine

• paracrine

• endocrine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following statements best helps explain how cell surface proteins, such as MHC proteins and T cell receptors (like the one shown in the 4.1 video), mediate cell communication over short distances?

• The proteins receive electrical signals from nerve cells.

• The proteins leave the cell and travel in the bloodstream to other cells.

• The proteins interact directly with proteins on the surfaces of other cells.

• The proteins bind to molecules secreted by cells located in other parts of the body.

Notch is a receptor protein displayed on the surface of certain cells in developing fruit fly embryos. Notch’s ligand is a membrane-bound protein called Delta that is displayed on the surface of adjacent cells. Which of the following statements best explains Delta’s role in regulating cell communication through the Notch signaling pathway?

• Delta transmits a chemical signal to all the cells of a developing embryo.

• Delta allows the cells of a developing embryo to communicate without making direct contact.

• Delta restricts cell communication to short distances within a developing embryo.

• Delta determines which cells in a developing embryo express the gene that encodes the Notch protein.

What is the name of the signaling molecule in cell signaling?

• substrate

• receptor

• ligand

• channel

Cell signaling is similar in all organisms. This conserved trait would support the theory of

• adaptive evolution

• common ancestry

• decent with modification

• divergent evolution

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Hormones belong to the lipid family. Due to this trait, it only makes sense that their receptors...

• must be on the surface of the cell.

• can be inside the cell because they can cross the membrane.

• do not exist.

• are difficult to locate.

What is the topic of this Unit? (Unit 4)

• biochemistry

• energetics

• cell signaling

• cell structures

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7