Biology Nature of Science

When experimenting with the growth of a plant, a scientist uses three (of the same type of) plants, two different fertilizers, equal light, and equal water. What type of variable is the fertilizer?

• Dependent

• Independent

• Control

• Compound

An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what is the dependent variable?

• Type of plant

• Water, apple juice, milk

• Plant growth

• Color of the plant's leaves

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What is a controlled variable?

• a variable that is always kept the same in the experiment

• a varible that is purposely changed

• a variable that is measured.

• trying to be controlling.

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An observation is:

• using the senses to study the natural world

• using tools to collect measurements

• examining previous research results

• all of the above

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Scientist ensure their work is valid by:

• sharing their results with others,

• making it replicable (repeatable)

• making sure their conclusions are based on evidence

• all of the above

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Which of the following describes the formulation of cell theory?

• A single scientist developed cell theory in incremental steps over a relatively short period of time.

• The work of multiple scientists contributed to cell theory in incremental steps that built upon earlier knowledge.

• The development of cell theory depended only on the work Schleiden and Schwann.

• Multiple scientists worked together at the same time and location to develop cell theory.

How is the development of germ theory similar to the development of other scientific knowledge?

• The development of new scientific knowledge usually requires scientists to reject earlier knowledge.

• The development of new scientific knowledge usually requires scientists to work alone.

• New scientific knowledge cannot be generated without the invention of new technologies.

• Technological innovations usually stimulate the generation of new scientific knowledge.

Why did the scientific community eventually reject Lamarck's mechanism for biological evolution?

• Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was more popular with world leaders of the time.

• New scientific models replace old scientific models after a number of years has passed.

• The discovery of new evidence in genetics disproved Lamarck's model of evolutionary processes.

• all of these

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Though it is attributed to Charles Darwin, the modern theory of evolution incorporates research from Thomas Malthus, Charles Lyell, Alfred Wallace, and others. The following timeline includes some of the major events that lead to the development of the theory.

This demonstrates the concept that

• new scientific knowledge usually disproves and replaces previous knowledge.

• scientific knowledge is separate from studies of the natural word.

• scientific knowledge includes and builds on earlier knowledge.

• scientific knowledge that comes from multiple scientists is not trustworthy.

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Scientists around the world study a variety of topics. Some scientists study the mechanisms of diseases. Others study weather patterns or the behavior patterns of animals or chemical compounds that can be formed given certain combinations of elements. What is the driving force behind scientific inquiries?

• the desire to understand the natural world

• the guarantee of fame and publication in scientific journals

• the guarantee of finding solutions to human problems

• the desire to obtain federal grant money