Shaping the Earth's Surface

Glaciers are frozen, slow-moving rivers of ice that can move about one meter per day down mountain valleys. How does the movement of glaciers help create new soil?

• by scraping small particles from larger rocks

• by dissolving rocks along its path down the valley

• by carrying living plant material farther down the mountain

• by freezing small particles of soil together to form large rocks

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A hiker walks from the upper rim to the bottom of a large canyon whose vertical distance is 1,743 meters. A large river flows along the bottom of the canyon. What process is most responsible for the depth of the canyon?

• Strong winds chemically weathered the rock layers over time.

• A large flood physically eroded the rock layers.

• Flowing water weathered and eroded the rock layers over many years.

• Large amounts of wind and rainfall from heavy storms physically eroded the rock layers over time

Volcanoes can form over a plume, or rising current of hot mantle. As a tectonic plate slowly moves over a plume, a volcano will form and then become extinct as it moves away from the hot spot. Then the next volcano will form. If the hot spot shown made all the islands in the figure, is the plate pictured below moving toward you or away from you?

• The plate is moving toward me.

• The plate is moving away from me.

• There is no way to tell.

• It is stationary

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Look at the figures showing the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes. Why do volcanoes and earthquakes occur in so many of the same areas?

• Both often occur near plate boundaries

• Both are formed by magma

• They can only occur near mid ocean ridges

• Earthquakes create volcanoes

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The driving forces of tectonic plates are related to convection currents in Earth’s ____.

• crust

• mantle

• inner core

• outer core

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_________ are formed when two continental plates collide.

• Volcanoes

• Strike-slip faults

• Mountain ranges

• Rift valleys

At an oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundary, ________________.

• new crust is created

• old crust is recycled by subduction

• old crust is deformed or fractured

• plates side past one another

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

What type of mountains are formed when molten rock erupts onto Earth’s surface and hardens?

• uplifted mountains

• fold mountains

• volcanic mountains

• fault-block mountains

Volcanoes can form over a plume, or rising current of hot mantle. As a tectonic plate slowly moves over a plume, a volcano will form and then become extinct as it moves away from the hot spot. Then the next volcano will form. If the hot spot shown made all the islands in the figure, is the plate pictured below moving toward you or away from you?

• The plate is moving toward me.

• The plate is moving away from me.

• There is no way to tell.

• It is stationary

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

A(n) ____ can be caused by an underwater earthquake.

• impact crater

• landslide

• fault zone

• tsunami

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