AP Biology

Plant cells can exchange small soluble compounds with neighboring cells directly through junctions in the cell wall called -

• gap junctions

• thylakoids

• stomata

• plasmodesmata

A mutation in a cell membrane receptor would most likely have what effect on a signal transduction pathway?

• Reduce the response of the pathway

• An alternative response will be expressed

• Increase ligand binding

• Increase ligand release from the effector cell

What is the purpose of transduction?

• send a signal to a target cell

• receive a signal from another cell

• respond to a signal pass along internally

• pass along a signal through the cell to the location where the cell response will occur.

The order of events involved with signal transduction in cells is

• stimulus - response - signal transduction

• reception - stimulus - response

• reception - signal transduction - response

• transduction - reception - stimulus

Describe what occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor.

• confirmation change in shape of receptor

• phosphorylation of ligand

• ligand passes through the membrane

• receptor binds additional ligands

What type of signaling is shown here?

• autocrine

• synaptic

• endocrine

• paracrine

What does a protein phosphatase do?

• removes phosphates

• transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins

• activates an enzyme with a signal molecule

Secondary messengers that can activate or deactivate enzymes in a cell are typically part of which step of cell signaling?

• Reception

• Transduction

• Response

Phosphorylation is the process by which a ____ is added to a protein to activate it.

• acetyl

• sulfate

• phosphate

• nitrate

What is the advantage to amplification of a signal inside of a cell?

• moderates the signal so it is not to quick

• stops a signal from being transducted

• increases the cell response to a signal

• increases the reception of signal