AP Biology Transcription and RNA Processing

In which of the following actions does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

• RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.

• RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA, and DNA polymerase binds to double-stranded DNA.

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?

• 3ʹ → 5ʹ along the template strand

• 3ʹ → 5ʹ along the coding (sense) strand

Which of the following describe the structure of mature RNA? (more than 1 answer applies)

• Contains Uracil

• Contains introns and exons

• Has a poly-A tail and 5' cap

• Single stranded

• Circular strand

Which of the following would be transcribed from the following DNA sequence? 3' ATC GAA TTA CGA 5'

• 5' UAG CUU AAU GCU 3'

• 5' AUC GAA UUA CGA 3'

• 3' UCG UAA UUC UAG 5'

• 3' TAG CTT AAT GCT 5'

• 5' TAG CTT AAT GCT 3'

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Where does RNA polymerase bind to DNA?

• at an activator site

• on the coding gene sequence

• at a promoter region

• downstream of the coding sequence

• Where the RNA primer is placed

Which of the following occur during RNA processing? (more than 1 answer applies)

• exons can be removed

• spliceosomes remove introns

• a poly-A tail and GTP cap are added

• DNA helicase unzips DNA

• activator sequences initiate transcription

What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

• hydrogen

• ionic

• covalent

Which of the following synthesizes short segments of RNA?

• helicase

• DNA polymerase

• primase

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction because

• DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3ʹ end

• Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3ʹ to 5ʹ direction.

When DNA is compacted by histones into 10 nm and 30 nm fibers, the DNA is unable to interact with proteins required for gene expression. Therefore, to allow for these proteins to act, the chromatin must constantly alter its structure. Which processes contribute to this dynamic activity?

• methylation and phosphorylation of histone tails

• nucleotide excision and reconstruction