Biology STAAR Cells

Which sequence represents the levels of organization found in a multicellular organism, from smallest to largest?

• Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System

• Organ System, Organ, Tissue, Cell

• Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Cell

• Cell, Organ System, Organ, Tissue

Answer explanation

The order of cell, tissue, organ, and organ system represents the smallest to largest levels of cellular organization.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-3

Which statements best compare a function of proteins and lipids in a human cell?

• Proteins provide energy for cellular processes. Lipids catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell.

• Proteins catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell. Lipids allow for the transport of certain molecules into and out of the cell.

• Proteins allow for the transport of certain molecules into and out of the cell.

  Lipids store genetic information for cells.

• Proteins store genetic information for cells. Lipids provide energy for cellular processes.

Answer explanation

Proteins in the form of enzymes catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell. Lipids make up the cell membrane, which allows certain molecules to be transported into and out of the cell.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Water, sugar, and other important nutrients need to be transported from one part of a plant to another. Which statement correctly describes the interaction of the root and shoot systems during nutrient transport?

• The leaves take in water and sugar, which are then transported to the rest of the plant through vascular tissues.

• The roots take in water and sugar, which are then transported to the rest of the plant through vascular tissues.

• The leaves take in water and the roots produce sugar that are transported to the rest of the plant through vascular tissues.

• The roots take in water and the leaves produce sugar that are transported to the rest of the plant through vascular tissues.

Answer explanation

The roots take in/absorb water from the ground, and the leaves produce sugar through the process of photosynthesis. Water and sugar are transported throughout the plant via vascular tissues.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In a recent study, scientists investigated the effects of microorganisms naturally found in the body. They raised mice in two different environments and compared their immune system functions in response to a bacterial infection. Their data are shown.

Which conclusion about the microorganisms naturally found in the body is most likely supported by these data?

• All microorganisms are harmful to the body.

• Microorganisms are important in promoting healthy

  immune systems.

• All bacteria in the body increase the effectiveness of the immune system.

• Bacteria that cause infections decrease the number and variety of immune cells in the body.

Answer explanation

The microorganisms found in the body are important in promoting a healthy immune system because they keep the immune system strong, aid in digestion, and neutralize toxins.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-3

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

• Golgi apparatus

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

• To produce energy

• To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

• To synthesize proteins

• To store genetic information

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

• They have a nucleus

• They lack membrane-bound organelles

• They have a complex cytoskeleton

• They are larger than eukaryotic cells

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

• To produce ATP

• To synthesize proteins

• To store nutrients

• To transport substances

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which process is used by cells to divide and reproduce?

• Photosynthesis

• Mitosis

• Respiration

• Fermentation

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

• To store water

• To conduct photosynthesis

• To provide structural support

• To break down waste

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6