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Why do lunar and solar eclipses not happen every month?

• Eclipses only occur during full and new moons.

• Earth rotates around its axis faster than the moon.

• The moon and Earth only travel through the penumbras.

• The moon's axis does not always align with Earth's shadow.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

What occurs during a solar eclipse?

• Earth is closest to the Sun.

• There are small tides across Earth.

• The moon's shadow falls on Earth.

• The moon is covered in Earth's shadow.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

During which moon phase do spring tides occur?

• new moon and full moon

• first quarter and third quarter

• waxing gibbous and waning gibbous

• waxing crescent and waning crescent

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

How often do spring and neap tides occur?

• twice a day

• twice a month

• every 27.3 days

• every 24 hours

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

During which phase of the moon do neap tides occur?

• full

• gibbous

• new

• quarter

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

What type of rock does magma form as it cools?

• Igneous

• Fossil

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

Emily backyard has pieces of slate rock that are used as a footpath. Slate is a metamorphic rock that splits into flat pieces. What natural forces in Earth cause the formation of slate?

• Lava erupts and runs down the side of a volcano, then cools and hardens.

• Molten magma deep inside Earth cools and slowly hardens over time.

• Sediments of once living things are deposited over time and become cemented.

• Great heat and pressure cause the minerals to line up in parallel layers

A copper penny has a hardness of 3. Melodia uses the penny to test the hardness of the mineral feldspar. She cannot scratch the feldspar with the penny. What can she conclude about the hardness of the feldspar?

• It has a hardness of 3.

• It is softer than the penny.

• It is harder than the penny.

• It has a hardness of less than 3.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Which statement can help Jessica and Joakim explain the changes that occurred to the rock over the years?

• Gravity pulled on the rock over the years causing it to break.

• Wind blew into the cracks of the rock causing the cracks to widen over time.

• Water goes into the rock and freezes causing the cracks to widen over time.

• Water from a river flows over the rocks every summer causing the cracks to widen over time.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Yardangs are tall, broad peaks that appear in deserts. Weathering and erosion work together to form yardangs. They are produced by wind that carries dust or sand. The gritty wind wears away the soft rock of a cliff, leaving a shape like the one seen here. What are the agents of weathering and erosion that form yardangs?

• rock particles falling to the base of the yardang

• wind picking up sand from the desert

• loose particles from the cliff blowing to new parts of the desert

• wind and sand wearing away the rock face

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2