NYS Regents Living Environment

The diagram below represents changes that take place within the human body. The diagram represents

• cellular differentiation

• dynamic equilibrium

• gene interaction

• biological evolution

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Sailors in the past may have heard the greeting from a passing ship, “Avast ye scurvy dogs.” This greeting would be a reference to a disease known as scurvy, which is due to inadequate intake of vitamin C. Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the cause of this disease and a possible treatment for it?

• Row 1

• Row 2

• Row 3

• Row 4

In the 1660s, Flemish physician Jan van Helmont grew a small willow tree in a pot of soil. He added only water to the pot. At the end of five years, he found that the tree had gained 75 kilograms, but there was very little change in the mass of the soil. Van Helmont concluded that the plant gained weight directly from the water. We now know that this conclusion is only partially correct because, in addition to water, photosynthesis also requires

• oxygen from the atmosphere

• carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

• proteins from animal prey

• carbohydrates from the soil

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain

• antibodies

• antibiotics

• white blood cells

• weakened pathogens

Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. If the human body cannot sweat properly, it cannot cool itself, which is potentially harmful. Anhidrosis most directly interferes with

• a feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis

• an immune system response to harmless antigens

• the synthesis of hormones in the circulatory system

• the enzymatic breakdown of water in cells

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Carmine, a compound that comes from the cochineal beetle, shown below, is used as a food coloring. The food coloring is not harmful to most people, but in a small number of individuals, it causes a reaction and affects their ability to breathe. This response to carmine is known as

• a stimulus

• an allergy

• natural selection

• an adaptation

The structural formulas shown below represent parts of two different complex carbohydrate molecules composed of glucose subunits. Molecules 1 and 2 differ in their overall structure. Due to the differences in structure, each of these molecules most likely

• is composed of different molecular bases

• forms a different protein

• contains different elements

• performs a different function

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What is the correct order of organization?

• cells->tissue->organs->organ systems-> organism

• tissue->cells->organs->organ systems-> organism

• organs->organ systems-> organism->cells->tissue

What is the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy called?

• solarization

• light-to-chemical conversion

• photosynthesis

• sunlightification

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

When a cell shrinks in size, what type of solution was added to it?

• Salt solution

• Tap water

• distilled water

• iodine solution