Released Earth Science

Which best describes the relationship between carrying capacity and Earth’s resources?

• A population that is below the carrying capacity will have an increase in contagious diseases.

• A population that is above the carrying capacity will have a decrease in natural resources.

• A population that is below the carrying capacity will experience a decrease in freshwater resources.

• A population that is above the carrying capacity will experience an increase in plant production.

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Which supports the theory that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean?

• There are underwater mountains on the ocean floor today.

• Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean.

• Fossils of marine organisms are found on the tops of some mountains.

• Both mountains and ocean floors have similar minerals in their rocks.

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Which is most accurate method scientist use to predict the age of Earth?

• Relative dating if rock layers

• Radioactive dating of rocks

• Comparing the ages of different fossils

• Investigating core samples from the Artic

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Which is the most accurate way of determining the age of fossil?

• Radioactive dating

• Relative dating

• Dating index fossils

• Dating the rock layers above the fossil

Which allows scientists to investigate what earth’s climate was like over the past 740,000 years?

• Volcanic deposits

• Fossils

• Faults

• Ice cores

Which best describes uniformitarianism?

• The time it takes for erosion to occur has changed since Earth first formed.

• The movement of the continents no longer occurs because of changes in ocean currents.

• The processes that shape the Earth continue as they have since the Earth formed.

• The formation of the rock layers has slowed because humans have altered the environment.

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How would a large increase in the salinity of an estuary most likely affect the ecosystem of the estuary?

• All organisms would die

• All organisms would continue to live as they now do.

• The number of salt-tolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-intolerant organisms would decrease.

• The number of salt-intolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-tolerant organisms would decrease.

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Which would indicate the water in a lake is not safe for drinking?

• Many varieties of fish in the lake

• High dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake

• Cold water temperature of the lake

• High turbidity in the lake

A geologist identifies the identical index fossils in rock layers from two different areas. Which conclusion is best supported by this discovery?

• The deposition rate of the two rock layers was identical.

• The fossil organism evolved independently in the two separate areas.

• The two rock layers were deposited at approximately the same time.

• The index fossil will also occur in sediment deposited on top of these rock layers.

Which best explains why all of the Earth’s freshwater is not available for human use?

• Most of earth’s freshwater is only lakes.

• Most of Earth’s freshwater is underground.

• Most Earth’s freshwater is still in the water cycle.

• Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen water.

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